Chapter 2 & 3 Test

The total value of all goods and services that a country produces is called its _________.

• total economic iindicator
• gross national product
• industrial index
• national income

How did the discovery of minerals in America fuel industrialization?

• American companies could acquire natural resources more cheaply.
• New states, created by an influx of prospectors, welcomed new companies.
• The U.S. government could now regulate the mining of natural resources.
• Minerals could be exported to other countries at a high profit.

What role did railroads play in industrialization?

• There were many laws in place that helped merchants profit from the railroads.
• Railroad tycoons used their money for many charitable causes.
• Railroads used coal, which was mined in the West.
• They expanded markets for industrial products by making it easier for Western settlers to purchased them.

What two factors led to a larger workforce available to new industries?

• immigration and higher infant survival rates
• retired Civil War generals and army regulars entered the workforce
• lower tariffs and immigration from the American West
• urban tenements and widespread poverty

What inventor created the phonograph, the light bulb, motion pictures, and several electric companies?

• Thomas Alva Edison
• Alexander Graham Bell
• George Westinghouse
• Gustavus Swift

What ideal of the free enterprise system wanted the government to remain out of economic affairs?

• laissez-faire
• interregulation
• supply and demand
• commercial advancement

People who risk their own capital to organize and run a business are called

• capital investors
• robber barons
• industrialists
• entrepreneuers

Gustavus Swift's introduction of the __________ changed the American diet.

• refrigerated railroad car
• automatic loom
• battery
• electric generator

How did the Pacific Railway Act contribute to the railroad boom?

• It forced immigrants to work for the railroad for a certain period of time.
• It provided free natural resources to the first company to complete the project.
• It provided for the construction of a transcontinental railway system.
• It enforced the free enterprise system by taking bids from railway companies for the project.

What two railway companies attempted to construct railways through the Western territories?

• the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific
• the Grenville Dodge and the Leland Stanford
• the Western Pacific and the Western Union
• the Great Plains Company and the Missouri Railroad