Physics Revision Topic 2 Kinetic Model of Matter, Gas Laws

Which row describes the forces between the molecules and the motion of the molecules in a solid?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The relationship between pressure p and volume V of a

gas is given as pV = constant.

Under which conditions for the mass of a gas and for its temperature does the equation hold?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Diagram 1 shows apparatus being used to observe smoke particles.

Diagram 2 shows how a smoke particle moves randomly.

Why do the smoke particles move randomly?

• A. They are hit by air molecules.

• B. They are less dense than air.

• C. They are moved by convection currents.

• D. They gain energy from the light.

A gas is heated in a sealed container.

The volume of the container does not change.

What happens to the molecules of the gas?

• A. The average distance between molecules increases.

• B. The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases

• C. The mass of each molecule increases.

• D. The volume of each molecule increases.

Which row describes the arrangement and the motion of the molecules in a gas?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The gas in a sealed container is compressed at constant temperature.

Which graph shows how the pressure of the gas changes with its volume?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Brownian motion shows that

• particles in all states of matter are in constant, random motion.

• particles in a fluid are in continuous, random motion.

• particles in solids vibrate about fixed positions.

• particles in gases are farther apart compared to in liquids.

A fixed mass of gas is trapped in a container. The temperature of the gas is increased but the volume of the gas is kept constant.

How does this change affect the kinetic energy of the molecules and the pressure on the walls of the container?

• Kinetic Energy: increases | Pressure: increases

• Kinetic Energy: stays the same | Pressure: increases

• Kinetic Energy: increases | Pressure: decreases

• Kinetic Energy: decreases | Pressure: increases

A balloon filled with air is cooled with liquid nitrogen to very low temperatures. This causes the balloon to decrease in volume significantly. Choose the statement that explains this phenomenon most accurately.

• The air molecules move with higher speeds, so the volume of the balloon

  decreases.

• The air molecules have lower kinetic energies and this can be related to a

  decrease in the mass of the air molecules. With a smaller mass, the volume decreases.

• The air molecules contract at the low temperatures. This causes the sizes of the

  air molecules to become smaller. This results in a smaller volume.

• The pressure in the balloon becomes lower. The atmospheric pressure around the balloon compresses the balloon, causing its volume to decrease.

A fixed mass of gas is heated while being kept at constant volume. How do the properties of the gas change?

• A

• B

• C

• D