DNA Replication and Transcription/Translation

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codons during protein synthesis.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA, translating the sequence of nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids.

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What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

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What is the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA) is translated into proteins, consisting of codons.

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What is RNA processing?

Back

RNA processing involves modifications to the primary RNA transcript, including the addition of a 5' cap, poly-A tail, and splicing out introns, to produce mature mRNA.

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What are post-translational modifications?

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Post-translational modifications are chemical changes to a protein after it has been synthesized, which can affect its function, activity, and localization.

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What is the universal genetic code?

Back

The universal genetic code refers to the fact that the same codons specify the same amino acids in almost all organisms, allowing for gene transfer between species.