Psychology Quiz

Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening?

• Accommodation

• Object permanence

• A mental set

• Divergent thinking

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

• limited in capacity

• unlimited in capacity

• not under conscious control

• resistant to decay

A prototype is best defined as

• an example of bottom-up processing

• the equivalent of feature abstraction

• the hypothetical 'most typical' instance of a category

• an essential element of category membership

An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

• auditory localization

• dichotic listening

• divided attention

• selective attention

Devi spent time developing a set of note cards for an upcoming test that used word associations based on what the words meant in relation to each other. Which of the following did Devi use with this study method?

• State-dependent memory

• Latent learning

• Effortful processing

• Procedural memory

Achariya is lost. She quickly scans the crowd and decides to ask an elderly woman for directions because she believes the woman will be kind. Which method of problem solving did Achariya most likely use?

• An algorithm

• The availability heuristic

• The representativeness heuristic

• Divergent thinking

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?

• Convergence

• Binocular disparity

• Linear perspective

• Closure

When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called

• a heuristic

• insight

• priming

• an algorithm

Maeve wants to change her college major but has decided not to because she is close to finishing. She believes that the time she has spent in her current program will be wasted if she changes now. Maeve is experiencing

• hindsight bias

• availability bias

• the sunk-cost fallacy

• the self-serving bias

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory?

• Jonah tutored his classmate on a difficult concept, and now he understands the concept better than he did before tutoring his classmate.

• Amy studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions.

• Mateo studied for an anatomy exam while taking pain medication, which he did not take before the exam. He forgot many of the concepts that he learned when he was studying.

• Dina could not remember the name of her second-grade teacher, but after she thought about the names of her classmates, the teacher’s name suddenly came to her.