Comparative Analysis of Islamic Empires

hich of the following most directly caused a disruption in the land-based trade of the Safavid empire during the period circa 1500–1750 ?

• Price inflation caused by the global spread of American silver

• Competition between European joint-stock companies

• Conflicts between the Shi‘a Safavids and neighboring Sunni empires

• Widespread violence between European trading companies and Muslim empires

Based on the passage, in which of the following ways were Safavid Persian trading practices similar to those of other land-based Islamic empires during the seventeenth century?

• The participation of multiple ethnic and religious groups in interregional trade

• The deployment of a large navy to protect trading interests in the Indian Ocean

• The restriction of trade in luxury manufactured goods, such as silk

• The development of an export economy focused on agricultural production

Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century?

• The Mughals practiced religious tolerance toward non-Muslim subjects, while the Ottomans did not.

• The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.

• The Mughals used gunpowder weapons to expand their territory, while the Ottomans did not.

• The Ottomans made Shia Islam the official state religion, while the Mughals made Buddhism the official state religion.

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Responses

• The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies.

• Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer.

• 
  Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.

• The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation.

The passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following?

• 
  The influence of Islamic political thought on Europe after the Crusades

• 
  European monarchs’ continued use of religion to legitimize political authority

• The establishment of theocracies throughout Eurasia

• The differential treatment of Protestants and Catholics in England

A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to

• 
  promote

• encourage

• demonstrate

• reform

A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church

• had not adequately supported earlier Crusades against Muslims in the Holy Land

• had become corrupted by power

• had become too heavily influenced by Renaissance Humanism

• had failed to convert Muslims living in Europe to Christianity

A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that

• papal alliances with the Holy Roman emperors led to widespread religious persecutions in Germany

• the Protestant German nobility was wary of confronting the Ottomans without Catholic support

• political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community

• the Protestant German nobility adopted pacifist attitudes during religious disputes with their Catholic and Muslim opponents

The photograph above of a sixteenth-century Mughal mosque in India built by Akbar is an example of which of the following?

• Emergence

• Expansion

• Creation

• Cultural

Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the Mughal Empire’s territorial expansion in South Asia?

• 
  The Mughals’ adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons

• 
  The Mughals’ adoption of Sikhism

• The Mughals’ friendly relations with neighboring states, such as the Safavid Empire and Tibet

• The Mughal emperors’ claims that they were directly descended from Genghis Khan