Week 7 Research Methods

What defines the primary focus of correlational research?

• Exploring the relationships between variables without alteration

• Manipulating variables to establish causation

• Developing new methodologies for statistical analysis

• Ensuring control over experimental variables

Which type of validity is assessed by comparison with an external criterion?

• Construct Validity

• Content Validity

• Criterion-Related Validity

• Internal Consistency

What is the primary goal of survey research?

• Describing characteristics of populations through data

• Establishing causal relationships between variables

• Experimentally manipulating study variables

• Building theoretical frameworks for research

Which reliability involves consistency over different testing times?

• Internal Consistency

• Inter-rater Reliability

• Test-Retest Reliability

• Construct Validity

What distinguishes longitudinal survey designs?

• They compare different populations at a single time point

• They capture data at a single moment in time

• They analyze immediate insights without follow-up

• They track the same subjects over time

Which statistical test is commonly used in correlational research?

• Chi-squared test

• Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

• Pearson's correlation coefficient

• Factor analysis

Which ethical principle is crucial in all survey research?

• Using control groups

• Providing financial incentives

• Manipulating variables

• Obtaining informed consent

What is the focus of cross-sectional survey designs?

• Monitoring subjects over time

• Analyzing differences across groups

• Capturing a snapshot of a population

• Identifying causal relationships

How is internal consistency generally measured in surveys?

• By calculating Cronbach's alpha

• Through repeated surveys with the same group

• By ensuring consistent methods across raters

• By correlating different sets of scores

What best describes criterion-related validity?

• It evaluates the test against an accepted external criterion

• It measures the consistency of a measure over time

• It assesses how well a test covers intended content

• It checks for observer consistency