Which statement best explains why only about 10% of the energy in Level 1 is available to organisms in Level 2?

• The energy in Level 1 is stored energy.

• The organisms in Level 1 consume most of the energy.

• Energy is lost as it moves through the energy pyramid.

• The organisms in Level 1 convert much of their energy to other forms.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The carbon cycle is a crucial process in our ecosystem. It involves the movement of carbon atoms between the atmosphere, living organisms, and the Earth. In photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sunlight to produce oxygen (O₂) and glucose. This glucose is then used by plants and other organisms in cellular respiration to produce energy. How does the carbon cycle illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass?

• It shows that energy can be created and destroyed.

• It demonstrates that the amount of carbon remains constant through different stages.

• It depicts that oxygen is a product only of photosynthesis.

• It proves that carbon atoms can be converted into other elements.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

When the light bulb below is plugged in, it emits light and heat. Which statement best describes the energy transformation that occurs in the light bulb?

• A. Electrical energy is converted into light energy only.

• B. Electrical energy is converted into light and heat energy.

• C. Heat energy is converted into electrical only.

• D. Heat energy is converted into electrical and light energy.

How does the evidence support the Law of Conservation of Mass in living systems?

• Oxygen is created from nothing during photosynthesis, demonstrating energy conservation.

• Carbon dioxide levels decrease without producing oxygen, demonstrating mass conservation.

• Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants and converted into oxygen, demonstrating mass conservation.

• Sunlight transforms directly into oxygen without using carbon dioxide, demonstrating energy conservation.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which statement best explains how this cycle illustrates the Law of Conservation of Energy within an ecosystem?

• A. Energy is constantly created during plant photosynthesis and disappears after creation.

• B. Energy is transferred between organisms as they consume and decompose organic material, never disappearing.

• C. Carbon is completely utilized, leaving no waste products.

• D. Energy within the system increases continuously over time thus providing more energy for living things.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

How does this food web demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass?

• The mass consumed by herbivores (plants) passes through carnivores (prey) and decomposes, illustrating mass transfer and conservation.

• Apex predators gain mass by creating matter from sunlight, illustrating mass transfer.

• Decomposers eliminate mass entirely from the ecosystem, illustrating mass conservation.

• The food web generates new mass at each trophic level, illustrating mass transfer and mass conservation.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which explanation best aligns with the Law of Conservation of Energy within cells?

• Cells produce energy without absorbing any external molecules.

• Glucose is destroyed to release energy which is not reused.

• Energy is lost during cellular respiration and cannot be accounted for.

• Energy stored in glucose is converted to ATP, demonstrating energy transformation rather than loss.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Refer to the image showing a closed terrarium with a plant and a small animal. The mass of the container and its contents is measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. What will happen to the mass of the container and its contents over time?

• The mass will increase because the plant and animal are growing.

• The mass will stay the same because matter is neither created nor destroyed.

• The mass will change depending on the amount of sunlight the plant receives.

• The mass will decrease due to the plant and animal using all materials inside the container.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

The process of cellular respiration in animals is represented by the word equation: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water. Which statement below best explains how the process of cellular respiration in animals demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Energy?

• Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, with the energy being transformed during the process.

• Cellular respiration converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, with the energy being created during the process.

• Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, with the energy being destroyed during the process.

• Cellular respiration converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, with the energy remaining in the same form during the process.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Examine the carbon cycle diagram where carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis and released back through respiration and decay.

• Matter is neither created nor destroyed; it changes forms and cycles through living systems and the environment.

• Organisms produce more carbon dioxide than they use, leading to an imbalance.

• Carbon dioxide is only absorbed by plants and doesn't return to the atmosphere.

• Living systems constantly generate new matter independently of existing resources.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3