What is one reason scientists use models in science?

• To avoid making mistakes

• To study systems that are complex, large, or dangerous

• To replace real-world experiments

• To create more accurate weather forecasts

What does a mathematical model use to represent a system or process?

• Observations

• Numbers and charts

• Equations

• Physical models

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Which of the following is an example of a prediction using a mathematical model?

• Calculating how much a person weighs on Mars

• Identifying what animals eat in a food web

• Measuring the growth rate of plants

• Recording the number of sunny days in a year

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What is a limitation of mathematical models?

• They are not based on scientific observations.

• They are too complex to understand.

• They can give unrealistic predictions outside a specific range.

• They require advanced technology to use.

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In the hands-on lab, how do you predict the weight of the fourth piece of rope?

• Measure the length of the rope using a spring scale.

• Use a graph of the lengths and weights of three ropes.

• Create a new mathematical model for the rope.

• Compare the rope to a sample of the same size.

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What does a weather forecast predict?

• The exact weather for an entire year

• The state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time

• The temperature of the ocean

• The movement of tectonic plates

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What data do forecasters use to predict weather?

• Precipitation, air pressure, humidity, and temperature

• Population density and geography

• Cloud patterns and sunset times

• Solar flares and gravitational pull

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What improvement allowed forecasts to become more accurate over time?

• Simpler mathematical models

• The use of paper maps and charts

• Faster computers and better models

• Observing animals to predict weather

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Why are weather forecasts rarely 100% accurate?

• The calculations are too simple.

• Small changes in factors can affect many other conditions.

• Meteorologists do not have enough training.

• They rely only on past weather patterns.

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Why are weather forecasts useful even if they are not completely accurate?

• They provide a general idea of what to expect.

• They focus only on severe weather.

• They always predict extreme events.

• They are based on historical data alone.