Learning & Behavior

What term is defined as "decreases in the frequency of a behavior when the behavior is no longer reinforced"?

• extinction (operant conditioning)

• shaping (operant conditioning)

• chaining (operant conditioning)

• negative reinforcement

What is the term for increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs?

• negative reinforcement

• positive reinforcement

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS) is known as what?

• conditioned response (CR)

• conditioned stimulus (CS)

• classical conditioning

• unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

What type of learning involves an organism learning to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events?

• observational learning

• classical conditioning

• negative reinforcement

• operant conditioning

In operant conditioning, what is the schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals?

• Variable-ratio schedule

• Fixed-interval schedule

• Fixed-ratio schedule

• Variable-interval schedule

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response is called what?

• unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

• primary reinforcer

• conditioned response (CR)

• discrimination (classical conditioning)

What is learning by watching others, also called social learning, exemplified by Bandura's Bobo doll study?

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Observational learning

• Spontaneous recovery

According to the definition provided, when are behaviors more likely to occur again?

• Operant Conditioning

• Thorndike's Law of Effect

• Positive Reinforcement

• Classical Conditioning

What term describes a natural (unlearned) behavior to a given stimulus?

• unconditioned response (UCR)

• unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

• shaping (operant conditioning)

• conditioned stimulus (CS)

What type of learning is characterized by behavior being strengthened when followed by a reinforcer or diminished when followed by a punisher?

• Observational learning

• Classical conditioning

• Negative reinforcement

• Operant conditioning