The Byzantine emperor asked for help defending his empire against the _______________.

• A. Ottomans
• B. Seljuk Turks
• C. Christians
• D. all of the above

Europeans fought against the _______________ in the Crusades.

• A. Roman Catholics
• B. Buddhists
• C. Muslims
• D. Hindus

The Holy Land included _______________.

• A. Jerusalem
• B. parts of Palestine
• C. areas where Jesus had lived and taught
• D. all of the above

During the _______________ Crusade, the crusaders captured and looted Constantinople.

• A. First
• B. Second
• C. Third
• D. Fourth

Four strong nation-states that developed in Europe by the mid-1400s were _______________.

• A. Portugal, Spain, England, and France
• B. Spain, Germany, England, and Norway
• C. Scotland, England, Wales, and Ireland
• D. France, Gibraltar, Portugal, and Spain

The _______________ included Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Jesus lived and taught.

• A. Gaza Strip
• B. West Bank
• C. Holy Land
• D. Byzantine Empire

Portugal, Spain, England, and _______________ became powerful European nation-states by the mid-1400s.

• A. France
• B. Normandy
• C. Germany
• D. Sweden

Pope Urban II called for a Crusade against Muslim invaders of the Holy Land.

• True
• False

During the Fourth Crusade, the crusaders captured and looted London.

• True
• False

The Pope said people who joined the Crusades would have all their sins forgiven.

• True
• False