Ideology

What are the core values of the Enlightenment, and how did it impact modern society?

1. 1.Which of the following statements best describe the key characteristics of Modernism? (Choose all that apply)

• A) Modernism celebrated traditional values and social norms, focusing on maintaining established systems.

• B) Modernists valued reason, science, and technological progress as tools for improving human life.

• C) Modernism rejected individual expression, prioritizing collective experiences instead.

• D) The movement emphasized innovation, often breaking away from traditional artistic forms and conventions.

• E) Modernism displayed a sense of crisis and ambiguity, often reflecting feelings of alienation and disillusionment in modern society.

Which of the following are true about ideologies? (Choose all that apply)

• A) Ideologies always present a neutral and unbiased perspective of society without prescribing specific actions.

• B) An ideology can serve as both a unifying force within a group and a tool for political action.

• C) Ideologies are only theoretical and do not play a significant role in political or social movements.

• D) While ideologies claim universality, they are shaped by the historical and cultural context in which they emerge.

• E) Ideologies can have both positive and negative connotations, with some offering visions of societal improvement and others perpetuating inequality.

The difference between modernism and realism is (  ) (Choose all that apply)

• A. Realism focuses on objective depiction of social reality, while modernism pays more attention to inner feelings and spiritual exploration.

• B. Modernism pursues formal innovation, while realism focuses on faithfully presenting the real world.

• C. Realism is concerned with social contradictions and the sufferings of daily life, while modernism is less concerned with social issues.

• D. Modernism emphasizes abstraction and symbolic expression, while realism tends to directly express reality.

• E. Realistic works often follow the traditional narrative logic, and readers can easily understand the development of the story. Modernism often breaks with conventional narrative structures and requires readers to expend more energy to interpret them.

The challenges facing modernism are multifaceted. The following statements about these challenges are correct: (  )  (Choose all that apply)

• A. The deterioration of social environment caused by technological progress, such as environmental pollution and other problems affected the development of modernism

• B. The subversion of traditional concepts has led to huge conflicts in aesthetics and values between different generations

• C. The challenge of postmodernism, against the universality and rationalism of modernism

• D. Under the influence of modernism, people's interpersonal relationships become cold and utilitarian

• E. The innovative spirit emphasized by modernism is difficult to sustain in practice and easy to fall into formalism

The original main purpose of the Inquisition in medieval Europe was？

• A. to combat heretics and heretical ideas and to preserve the purity of the Church.

• B. to find and eliminate the effects of magic and witchcraft.

• C.To ensure that all Christians observed religious ceremonies and holidays.

• D. to teach the common people correct religious knowledge and beliefs.

How did Christianity influence European society during the medieval period? Which of the following most accurately reflects this influence?

• A. The Church had great control over every aspect of society, including politics, education, and culture.

• B. The church had influence only on the level of faith; other aspects were irrelevant to secular society.

• C. The church had no power to intervene in political affairs and was concerned only with religious ceremonies.

• D. the influence of Christianity was limited to the aristocracy; ordinary people were virtually untouched by it.

Which of the following is NOT a potential negative impact of relativism?

• A) It can lead to moral relativism, where there are no clear distinctions between good and evil.

• B) It may hinder scientific development by questioning the objectivity of scientific theories.

• C) It can promote cultural exchange and understanding by respecting different cultures.

• D) It may lead to confusion and uncertainty in thinking, making it difficult to make clear decisions.

Which of the following is NOT a central idea of subjectivism?

• A) Truth is relative to individual perception and experiences.

• B) Objective reality exists independently of human cognition.

• C) Individuals shape and define their own understanding of the world.

• D) The role of subjective consciousness is fundamental in understanding and interpreting the world.

Which of the following is the most common criticism of radical skepticism?

• A) It emphasizes the search for absolute certainty.

• B) It leads to difficulty in decision-making or inaction due to doubting everything.

• C) It supports universally valid moral standards.

• D) It argues that all truths are universally applicable.