World Civ. Unit Four Study Guide

Which explorer led four voyages across the Atlantic to the New World and began a period of exploration and colonization of the Americas?

• Vasco da Gama
• Francis Drake
• Jacques Cartier
• Christopher Columbus

His expedition of 1519-1522 became the first to sail from the Atlantic into the Pacific Ocean, the first to cross the Pacific, and the first circumnavigation of the Earth.

• Ferdinand Magellan
• Zheng He
• Prince Henry the Navigator
• Jacques Cartier

Prince Henry the Navigator was responsible for the development of what?

• the development of the caravel
• the development of a school of navigation
• the development of a treasure ship
• the development of an armada

The English explorer who claimed the Hudson Bay, the Hudson River, and mapped much of the region was ______________.

• Samuel Champlain
• James Cook
• Henry Hudson
• Sir Walter Raleigh

Which of the following factors motivated European exploration?

• Spreading Christianity
• Finding the New World
• Discovering a new trade route to India
• Bringing slave labor to the Americas

What was the effect of the Spanish encomienda system in the Americas?

• the Portuguese were able to overtake the Spanish colonies
• cruel working conditions greatly decreased the Native American population
• Queen Isabella condemned the working conditions as violations of Catholicism
• the Spanish colonies were not profitable

Which was an effect of the Columbian Exchange on Europe?

• potatoes became a food staple and contributed to population growth
• many people died from diseases such as smallpox
• the introduction of iron and steel tools improved farming techniques
• individual countries became increasingly economically isolated

What was the Columbian Exchange?

• the trade relationship that developed between Portugal and Spain
• the accumulated wealth that Columbus's voyages brought back to Spain
• the trade of ideas and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
• the time period of transition from the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution

Why did the Spanish bring enslaved Africans to the Americas in the 16th century?

• because they were prisoners of war
• to work primarily on sugar plantations in the Caribbean and Brazil
• to grow cotton in North America
• because they wanted to convert them to Catholicism

What was the Commercial Revolution?

• the rising up of the lower classes against the wealth and power of European nobility
• rapid growth in industry that resulted in the world's first banks
• the economic innovations that began in England and spread throughout the world as a result of exploration
• the economic impact that resulted in rapid expansion of European economies