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One of the most important elements of any manager's job is to motivate his or her subordinates to do their jobs well and to be productive. Two very well-known theories of motivation among managers are those of Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg.
In Motivation and Personality (1954), Maslow identified what he considered to be a hierarchy of basic human needs and classified them under five headings. First come physiological needs such as food, water, air and sleep. If these needs are not satisfied, people will not _____ other needs. The second category is security needs: clothing, shelter, the necessity to be free from danger and physical pain, and - most relevant to management - to be free from the threat of losing one's job. A
Where these first two categories of needs are satisfied, people feel social needs: to belong to a group, to be liked and loved and accepted by others. Next come esteem needs: people do not only want to be accepted, they want to have self-respect and to be esteemed by others. Maslow believes that people all require power and status, respect and self-confidence.
The fifth and highest category concerns self-actualization needs: the desire to develop as a person, to maximize one's potential, and to achieve the goals one has set for oneself. According to Maslow, employees will only be motivated if they are able to realize their goals concerning creativity, responsibility.
