Understanding Hedging Devices

What is the primary purpose of using hedging devices in presentations and lectures?

• To assert strong opinions

• To make facts sound less certain

• To express uncertainty or caution

• To make statements more direct

Which of the following is an example of a modal auxiliary verb?

• Probably

• Could

• Apparently

• Seems

How does using the modal verb "can" in the sentence "Great leaders can be a catalyst for change" impact the level of certainty?

• It makes the statement a fact

• It expresses cautiousness and uncertainty

• It makes the statement sound like an opinion

• It makes the statement more direct

What does the adverb "possibly" indicate about the certainty of a statement?

• The statement is 100% certain

• The statement is somewhat uncertain

• The statement is a proven fact

• The statement is definitely false

Which of the following is a distancing verb?

• Seems

• Can

• Probably

• Might

What does the use of the verb "suggest" in the sentence "Research in this area suggests that the organization must collectively agree on the message" indicate?

• It is a fact

• It is a strong opinion

• It is an uncertain or cautious opinion

• It is a definitive conclusion

What is a compound hedge?

• A simple verb that softens the opinion

• A verb and an adverb of approximation used together

• A vague term used in informal speech

• A statement that is 100% certain

Which of the following sentences uses a compound hedge?

• It might be possible to increase funding for education.

• It seems reasonable to conclude that sociologists have thoroughly examined this topic.

• The theory suggests that leaders are essential for mobilization.

• The legislative changes of the 1960s might not have occurred if it had not been for Dr. King.

Which of the following devices is typically used in informal, small group discussions?

• Distancing verbs

• Compound hedges

• Modal auxiliary verbs

• Informal vagueness indicators

Which of the following is an example of an informal vagueness indicator?

• Might

• Seem

• Kind of

• Likely