class XII

Define the term 'algorithm' in the context of system design.

• A programming language used for system design.

• An algorithm is a defined set of instructions or rules designed to solve a specific problem or perform a task in system design.

• A graphical representation of system architecture.

• A method for storing data in a database.

What is a flowchart and how is it used in system design?

• A flowchart is a type of programming language used to write code.

• A flowchart is a document that outlines the budget for a project.

• A flowchart is a statistical tool used to analyze data trends.

• A flowchart is a visual tool used in system design to represent processes and workflows, helping to clarify the sequence and relationships of system components.

Describe the role of testing in the System Design Life Cycle.

• Testing is primarily focused on user interface design.

• Testing is only necessary after the system is deployed.

• Testing ensures the system meets requirements, identifies defects, and validates functionality throughout the System Design Life Cycle.

• Testing is not relevant in the early stages of system design.

What is the primary purpose of a data flow diagram (DFD) in system design?

• To represent the physical layout of a system.

• To outline the user interface design of a system.

• To provide a detailed coding structure for developers.

• To illustrate the flow of data within a system and how it interacts with external entities.

Which of the following symbols is commonly used in data flow diagrams to represent a process?

• Circle

• Diamond

• Square

• Arrow

How do data flow diagrams facilitate communication among stakeholders in a project?

• By providing a detailed technical specification that only developers understand.

• By offering a visual representation of data movement that is easily understandable by both technical and non-technical stakeholders.

• By eliminating the need for any documentation.

• By focusing solely on the user interface design.

What is a major disadvantage of the waterfall model?

• It requires extensive documentation at every stage.

• It does not allow for revisiting earlier phases once completed.

• It can lead to increased project costs due to frequent changes.

• It is highly flexible and adaptable to changes.

How does the prototyping model differ from the waterfall model?

• There is no significant difference between the two models.

• The waterfall model is primarily focused on user interface design.

• The prototyping model allows for iterative development and user feedback, while the waterfall model follows a linear approach.

• The prototyping model is more rigid and less flexible than the waterfall model.

What is a key principle of the Agile model in software development?

• Following a strict linear process for project management.

• Prioritizing customer collaboration over contract negotiation.

• Delivering a complete product before receiving user feedback.

• Emphasizing comprehensive documentation over working software.

What is the primary function of machine learning in artificial intelligence?

• To create user interfaces for applications.

• To enable systems to learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed.

• To manage databases and data storage.

• To enhance the aesthetic design of software applications.