Openstax Biology e2 Ch 19 Evol. and Population Genetics Review

Which of the following best describes evolution at the population level?

• A change in allele frequencies in a population over time.

• An individual's ability to adapt to its environment.

• The extinction of less fit species.

• A shift from one species to another.

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What is an example of a condition that would violate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• Non-random mating.

• No mutations.

• A large population size.

• No migration between populations.

What happens to genetic diversity during the bottleneck effect?

• It decreases due to a drastic reduction in population size.

• It increases as more alleles are introduced.

• It remains unchanged in small populations.

• It becomes evenly distributed across all individuals.

Which of the following increases genetic variation within a population?

• Gene flow.

• Genetic drift.

• Bottleneck effect.

• Founder effect.

How does genetic drift most often affect small populations?

• It leads to the fixation or loss of alleles.

• It causes an increase in the gene pool size.

• It ensures equilibrium is maintained.

• It promotes migration between populations.

Which factor directly alters allele frequencies by introducing new alleles into a population?

• Mutation.

• Random mating.

• Genetic drift.

• Large population size.

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What does the Hardy-Weinberg equation predict in a population at equilibrium?

• Allele frequencies remain constant across generations.

• Dominant alleles will eventually replace recessive alleles.

• Mutation rates will increase over time.

• All populations will become genetically identical.

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Which of the following describes the founder effect?

• A small group of individuals establishes a new population with limited genetic variation.

• A new species arises due to geographic isolation.

• An increase in genetic variation within a large population.

• The stabilization of allele frequencies in a population.

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Which mechanism reduces differences between populations over time?

• Gene flow.

• Genetic drift.

• Bottleneck effect.

• Founder effect.

In the context of a population’s gene pool, what is the significance of allele frequency?

• It determines the genetic makeup of the next generation.

• It measures an individual’s fitness within the population.

• It explains why populations remain static over time.

• It ensures mutations occur at a constant rate.

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