STELLA'S TRAINING - DISA

The behaviorist perspective

 

In their paper, Greeno et al. (1996) present three perspectives on learning: the behaviorist perspective, the cognitive perspective, and the situative perspective. Select one or more alternatives that match the behaviorist perspective as described in this paper. Please note that to receive two points you must select all the correct alternatives. If you fail to select one or more alternatives that are correct or select one or more alternatives that are incorrect, you will receive zero points.

Select one or more alternatives

• Learning is a constructive process of acquiring knowledge, conceptual and cognitive growth

• Learning is the formation, strengthening, and adjustment of associations of ideas and skills

• Learning is a process of interactive participation that involves becoming attuned to constraints and affordances of material, and social practices

• Learning takes place most effectively in individualized instruction with opportunities to respond and directly receive feedback

The cognitive perspective

 

In their paper, Greeno et al. (1996) present three perspectives on learning: the behaviorist perspective, the cognitive perspective, and the situative perspective. Select one or more alternatives that match the cognitive perspective as described in this paper. Please note that to receive two points you must select all the correct alternatives. If you fail to select one or more alternatives that are correct or select one or more alternatives that are incorrect, you will receive zero points.

 

Select one or more alternatives

• Transfer is problematic since supportive materials and resources often do not remain the same in the transformation from the learning situation to the transfer situation.

• An association learned in connection to one stimulus and response could be applied in a new situation if the new stimuli are similar in all respects.

• If the learner understands a solution or principle as an example of a general method or a learning situation, then s/he is likely to use the solution generally.

• Transfer of knowledge depends on acquired mental representations in the form of schema that designates invariant structural elements across situations.

The situative perspective

 

In their paper, Greeno et al. (1996) present three perspectives on learning: the behaviorist perspective, the cognitive perspective, and the situative perspective. Select one or more alternatives that match the situative perspective as described in this paper. Please note that to receive two points you must select all the correct alternatives. If you fail to select one or more alternatives that are correct or select one or more alternatives that are incorrect, you will receive zero points.

 

Select one or more alternatives

• Engagement in learning is the result of an intrinsic property of the relation between individuals and the organization of information.

• Effective learning involves being strongly engaged in activities that capture the learner’s interests because of their intrinsic qualities and participation in communities.

• Focus is to figure out ways to foster students’ natural tendencies to learn and understand.

• Learning is extrinsically motivated through rewards such as high grades, gold stars, positive comments on tasks, but also through punishment such as low grades, negative comments, removed from classroom.

Design of learning environments

For which of the following perspectives on learning described by Greeno et al (1996) can the following educational design be considered characteristic?  

 

Aim of the teaching activities: to support the students in understanding the principles of sustainable development and the application of sustainable practices within their local community.  

 

Design of the teaching activities: the students are divided into small groups and each group is assigned a specific sustainability challenge to work with as a project. For example, one group may work on reducing waste in the school cafeteria, while another group focuses on improving energy efficiency in school buildings. The students are encouraged to gather information, seek advice, and collaborate with experts in the field. They can interview local business owners, government officials, or environmental organizations to gain a deeper understanding of the issues. The teachers provide scaffolding and resources, such as articles, videos, and iPads for documentation. The scaffolding is just-in-time and responsive to the needs of each group. There are regular workshops including opportunities to discuss progress, share findings, and provide peer feedback. The teachers encourage the students to articulate their ideas and solutions within their group and with the whole class. At the end of the project, each group should present their findings and propose solutions to the rest of the class and relevant community stakeholders. 

Select one alternative:

• The situative perspective

• The cognitive perspective

• The behavioristic perspective

Research paradigms and views of learning

Based on the paper by Koschmann (1996), pair each view of learning with a research paradigm.

Cognitive：

• Computer-assisted-instruction (CAI)

• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)

• Logo-as-latin

• Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)

Research paradigms and views of learning

Based on the paper by Koschmann (1996), pair each view of learning with a research paradigm.

Constructivist：

• Computer-assisted-instruction (CAI)

• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)

• Logo-as-latin

• Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)

Research paradigms and views of learning

Based on the paper by Koschmann (1996), pair each view of learning with a research paradigm.

Behaviorist：

• Computer-assisted-instruction (CAI)

• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)

• Logo-as-latin

• Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)

Research paradigms and views of learning

Based on the paper by Koschmann (1996), pair each view of learning with a research paradigm.

Situative/sociocultural：

• Computer-assisted-instruction (CAI)

• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)

• Logo-as-latin

• Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)

Research paradigms

 

Based on the paper by Koschmann (1996), mark one or more alternatives that are correct. Please note that to receive two points you must select all the correct alternatives. If you fail to select one or more alternatives that are correct or select one or more alternatives that are incorrect, you will receive zero points.

• The CSCL paradigm reflects a view of learning and instruction that brings cognitive processes into the foreground as the central phenomena for study.

• The choice of research question/s and research method/s within a research project is independent of the researchers’ view of knowledge and learning.

• Research under the Logo-as-Latin paradigm typically focuses on the issue of instructional transfer.

  The use of experimental methods is characteristic to research under the CAI paradigm.

• The model of instruction underlying work in the ITS paradigm is termed “collaborative learning.”

• Researchers with an interest in instructional efficacy typically use observational methods.

Design of research

For which of the following research paradigms described by Koschmann (1996) can the following research design be considered characteristic?  

 

The purpose of the research is to investigate whether using a specific instructional application improves grade five students' multiplication skills. A class of 24 students is divided into two groups. Both groups get to start by taking a test measuring their multiplication skills. Then, one group gets to use the instructional application to practice multiplication while the other group gets to solve multiplication problems presented in the traditional textbook. Following that, both groups get to take another test measuring their multiplication skills. The test results of the two groups are compared to determine whether practicing multiplication using the traditional textbook or using the instructional application is most effective.  

 

Select one alternative:

• Computer-assisted-instruction (CAI)

• Logo-as-latin

• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)

• Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)