7.3 Problem Solving in Psychology

What is a problem-solving strategy?

• A plan of action used to find a solution

• A random guess to find a solution

• A method to avoid solving problems

• A way to ignore problems

Which of the following is an example of an algorithm?

• Using a mental shortcut

• Trial and error

• Step-by-step problem-solving formula

• Working backwards

What is a heuristic?

• A way to ensure a correct result

• A general problem-solving framework

• A method to avoid decision making

• A detailed step-by-step instruction

Which condition does NOT typically lead to the use of a heuristic?

• Faced with too much information

• Access to very little information

• Unlimited time to make a decision

• Decision is unimportant

What is functional fixedness?

• A strategy to enhance creativity

• The inability to see objects beyond their intended use

• A method to solve puzzles

• The ability to use objects in new ways

What is an anchoring bias?

• Considering all possible solutions

• Focusing on one piece of information

• Ignoring all information

• Focusing on multiple pieces of information

What does the confirmation bias lead to?

• Focusing on information that confirms beliefs

• Ignoring all information

• Considering all possible solutions

• Focusing on information that contradicts beliefs

What is the availability heuristic?

• Using a detailed algorithm

• Making a decision based on a recent experience

• Considering all available information

• Ignoring recent experiences

What is a mental set?

• Ignoring past experiences

• A method to enhance creativity

• Persisting in using a past solution

• A new approach to problem-solving

What is the representative bias?

• A tendency to stereotype unintentionally

• A tendency to focus on one piece of information

• A way to enhance decision making

• A method to solve problems