Momentum and Collisions Challenge

Define linear momentum. (1 point)

• Linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity of an object.

• Linear momentum is the force applied to an object.

• Linear momentum is the distance traveled by an object over time.

• Linear momentum is the energy of an object in motion.

What is the principle of conservation of momentum? (1 point)

• In an open system, momentum is always increasing.

• Momentum can be created or destroyed in a system.

• In a closed system, total momentum remains constant.

• Total momentum is only conserved during elastic collisions.

Calculate the final velocity of two colliding objects with masses 2 kg and 3 kg, moving towards each other at 4 m/s and 2 m/s respectively. (3 points)

• 2.67 m/s for 2 kg object, 1.33 m/s for 3 kg object

• 4.5 m/s for 2 kg object, 0.5 m/s for 3 kg object

• 3 m/s for 2 kg object, 1 m/s for 3 kg object

• 2 m/s for both objects

Explain the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions. (2 points)

• Elastic collisions do not conserve momentum; inelastic collisions do.

• Both elastic and inelastic collisions conserve kinetic energy but not momentum.

• Elastic collisions conserve momentum and kinetic energy; inelastic collisions conserve momentum but not kinetic energy.

• Elastic collisions occur only at high speeds, while inelastic collisions occur at low speeds.

What is the formula for momentum? (1 point)

• p = m/v

• p = mv^2

• p = mv

• p = m + v

If a 5 kg object moving at 10 m/s collides elastically with a stationary 5 kg object, what are their final velocities? (4 points)

• Final velocities: v1' = 5 m/s, v2' = 5 m/s

• Final velocities: v1' = 10 m/s, v2' = 0 m/s

• Final velocities: v1' = 0 m/s, v2' = 10 m/s

• Final velocities: v1' = 10 m/s, v2' = 10 m/s

A 10 kg cart moving at 3 m/s collides with a stationary 5 kg cart. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, what is their combined velocity after the collision? (4 points)

• 3.5 m/s

• 2 m/s

• 1 m/s

• 4 m/s

Describe what happens to momentum in a closed system during a collision. (2 points)

• Momentum increases in a closed system during a collision.

• Momentum is lost in a closed system during a collision.

• Momentum is only conserved if the objects stick together.

• Momentum is conserved in a closed system during a collision.

Define impulse and its relationship to momentum. (2 points)

• Impulse is the same as force; F = ma.

• Impulse is the change in momentum; J = Δp.

• Momentum is independent of impulse; they are unrelated.

• Impulse is the total energy of an object.

In a two-dimensional collision, how do you calculate the momentum in each direction? (1 point)

• Momentum is constant and does not need to be calculated in each direction.

• Calculate momentum separately for x and y directions using p_x = m*v_x and p_y = m*v_y.

• Calculate total momentum by adding p_x and p_y directly.

• Use only the y-component for momentum calculations.