GB1 Final Term Reviewer

Charlotte is studying how energy is used in cells. She learns that when ATP is converted to ADP, something important happens. What is it?

• Energy is stored in phosphate bonds.

• Energy is released for cellular functions.

• A phosphate group is gained.

• ATP is oxidized by glucose.

Answer explanation

When ATP is converted to ADP, a phosphate group is removed, releasing energy that is used for various cellular functions, making 'Energy is released for cellular functions' the correct choice.

During a science project, Evelyn and David are trying to understand how living organisms create complex substances. Which type of metabolic process builds complex molecules from simpler ones?

• Catabolic

• Hydrolytic

• Anabolic

• Oxidative

Answer explanation

The anabolic process is responsible for building complex molecules from simpler ones, such as synthesizing proteins from amino acids. In contrast, catabolic processes break down molecules, while hydrolytic and oxidative processes involve different reactions.

Ava and Liam are conducting an experiment on photosynthesis in their school garden. During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where is oxygen produced?

• Calvin Cycle

• Photosystem I

• Splitting of water molecules

• Absorption of carbon dioxide

Answer explanation

Oxygen is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis specifically through the splitting of water molecules. This process releases oxygen as a byproduct.

Avery is learning about photosynthesis in her biology class. She discovers that during the Calvin Cycle, a specific product is crucial for synthesizing glucose. What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle used to synthesize glucose?

• NADPH

• ATP

• G3P

• RuBP

Answer explanation

The main product of the Calvin Cycle used to synthesize glucose is G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate). NADPH and ATP are used in the cycle, but G3P is the direct precursor for glucose synthesis.

During a science project, James and Abigail are investigating how cells produce energy. They learn about the different stages of cellular respiration and want to find out which stage produces the most ATP.

• Glycolysis

• Citric Acid Cycle

• Electron Transport Chain

• Fermentation

Answer explanation

The Electron Transport Chain produces the most ATP during cellular respiration, generating approximately 28-34 ATP molecules through oxidative phosphorylation, significantly more than Glycolysis or the Citric Acid Cycle.

Emma is studying the Calvin Cycle in her biology class. What is the role of NADPH in the Calvin Cycle?

• Provide energy for carbon fixation.

• Act as an electron donor.

• Absorb light energy.

• Reduce ATP to ADP.

Answer explanation

In the Calvin Cycle, NADPH acts as an electron donor, providing the necessary electrons for the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, a key step in synthesizing glucose.

During a science experiment, Elijah and Luna are trying to understand how energy is produced in cells. They learn about the electron transport chain and wonder which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in this process.

• Water

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

• NAD+

Answer explanation

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. It combines with electrons and protons to form water, which is essential for cellular respiration and energy production.

Abigail is studying how catabolic and anabolic reactions work in the human body. She learns that catabolic reactions break down molecules, releasing energy that anabolic reactions use. How are catabolic and anabolic reactions related?

• Catabolic reactions break down molecules, releasing energy that anabolic reactions use.

• Catabolic reactions are required only during exercise.

• Anabolic reactions only occur during growth.

• Both consume energy.

Answer explanation

Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy. This energy is then utilized by anabolic reactions to build complex molecules, highlighting their interdependent relationship.

If Mia conducts an experiment where a plant is exposed to green light only, what will most likely happen to its rate of photosynthesis?

• Increase due to high absorption by chlorophyll.

• Decrease because green light is poorly absorbed.

• Remain unchanged as light color does not affect photosynthesis.

• Stop entirely due to light limitations.

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the presence of light wavelengths that chlorophyll absorbs well, such as red and blue light. Green light is poorly absorbed, leading to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis when only green light is present.

Isla is studying cellular processes in her biology class. She learns about glycolysis and wonders where in the cell this process takes place.

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplast

• Ribosome

Answer explanation

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. This process does not take place in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, or ribosomes.