What is the primary goal of citizen journalism, as defined in the text?

• To compete with traditional journalism

• To provide entertainment and sensational stories

• To offer independent, reliable, and relevant information needed for democracy and development

• To replace mainstream media entirely

According to the article, what tool empowered the author during the 1998 elections?

• A video recorder

• A smartphone

• A camera

• A notepad

How did the citizen journalist in Hardauli village address the issue of COVID-19 fears in the community?

• By organizing a protest against the migrants

• By calling local authorities directly

• By reporting the incident on a toll-free number operated by CGNet Swara

• By posting on social media

What has caused the rapid growth of online selling during the pandemic?

• The opening of new physical stores

• The shutdown of e-commerce platforms

• The restrictions on traditional shopping channels due to quarantine

• The availability of free advertising on social media

What is essential for businesses transitioning to online platforms, according to Ms. Mesina?

• Offering discounts to customers

• Ensuring consistent product quality and availability

• Providing cash-only payment options

• Relying solely on word-of-mouth marketing

What paradigm in communication describes the shift where users have control over the content they consume and create?

• From Media to Content

• From Audience to User

• From Distribution to Access

• From One Way to Interactivity

What is the primary characteristic of the "From Media to Content" paradigm?

• Increased user interactivity

• Emphasis on the credibility and prestige of media brands

• Real-time sharing of opinions

• Shift to hypertext-based communication

What describes the concept of "From Periodicity to Real-Time"?

• News and opinions are delivered in scheduled intervals

• Interaction with information happens instantly and dynamically

• Information is mediated through editors

• Media content becomes scarce

What is the key idea of "From Scarcity to Abundance"?

• Users have more time to consume media

• Traditional media limits content availability

• The user's time becomes the most valuable resource

• There is a shortage of digital tools

Which paradigm highlights the ability to publish without traditional editors?

• From Distribution to Access

• From Editor-Mediated to Non-Mediated

• From One Way to Interactivity

• From Data to Knowledge