Unit 5 Review

Temperature and density vary in Earth’s layers. Which of the following accurately describes the temperature and density of Earth's layers?

• The lithosphere is the densest of Earth's layers and has the lowest average temperature.

• 1. The convecting mantle is the hottest and most dense layer of Earth. 

• The liquid outer core has the lowest average temperature and is the least dense layer of Earth.

• The solid inner core is the hottest and most dense layer of Earth.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The Andes Mountains formed along the western coast of South America at the boundary between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate. Which type of boundary most likely exists between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate?

• Transform boundary, where the plates are sliding past each other

• Transform boundary, where the plates are moving closer to each other

• Convergent boundary, where the plates are moving toward each other

• Convergent boundary, where the plates are moving parallel to each other

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

Which of the following processes of the rock cycle takes place deep below Earth's surface and occurs as a result of Earth's tectonic plates?

• 1. Deposition

• 1. Solidification

• 1. Weathering and erosion

• 1. Heat and pressure 

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The Earth is made up of several large, slow-moving tectonic plates that sometimes cause earthquakes. Which layer of the Earth contains these large plates?

• Mantle

• Solid core

• Lithosphere

• Molten core

The diagram shows four layers of the solid Earth. Which part of this diagram represents the only liquid layer of Earth?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which process did scientists finally determine to be the drive behind continental motion?

• Superposition

• Convection currents

• Magnetic reversals

• Mountain building

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The direction and motion of Earth’s tectonic plates create a variety of features at the boundaries between the plates. Which of the events below is a slow change on Earth that occurs at a divergent boundary?

• Earthquake

• Volcanic eruption

• Sea floor spreading

• Mountain range formation

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The diagram shows two hypotheses for the same process that occurs beneath Earth’s surface. Which of the following processes is represented by these hypotheses?

• Convection current movement in Earth’s mantle

• Layer separation in Earth’s inner core

• Plate movements in Earth’s outer core

• Rock formation in Earth’s lithosphere

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

At a mid-ocean ridge, plates are pulled apart. Fracturing in the sea floor allows magma to move up from the mantle. The diagram below shows two plates that are moving apart. Which process in the rock cycle does this diagram best represent?

• Chemical weathering of rocks

• Formation of igneous rock

• Erosion of sedimentary rocks

• Compaction of melted rock

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Two students are studying plate tectonics, focusing on how mountains and volcanoes form. They learned the Andes and Himalayas are among the largest mountain ranges, with the Andes in South America and the Himalayas between India and China. They also discovered the "Ring of Fire," home to 75% of Earth's active and dormant volcanoes, and marked the Himalayas on a map with a star.

Which statement best describes how the Ring of Fire was formed? 

• Oceanic plate subducted under a continental plate at a divergent boundary.

• Oceanic plate subducted under a continental plate at a convergent boundary.

• Continental plate subducted under an oceanic plate at a divergent boundary.

• Continental plate subducted under an oceanic plate at a convergent boundary.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3