REVIEWER-GEN CHEM 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE about entropy?

• A. Entropy is always constant in a reversible process.

• B. Entropy always increases in a spontaneous process.

• C. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.

• D. Entropy is a state function, meaning it depends only on the initial and final states of the system.

Which of these is TRUE about spontaneous processes?

• A. They always release heat.

• B. They always happen quickly.

• C. They always increase disorder.

• D. They always need energy input.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the second law of thermodynamics?

• A. The entropy of a system can never decrease.

• B. Heat always flows from a hotter object to a colder object.

• C. The total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.

• D. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and the spontaneity of a reaction?

• A. A reaction is spontaneous if ΔG is zero.

• B. A reaction is spontaneous if ΔG is positive.

• C. A reaction is spontaneous if ΔG is negative.

• D. The sign of ΔG does not determine the spontaneity of a reaction.

What does a positive Gibbs free energy change (ΔG > 0) indicate about a reaction?

• A. The reaction is impossible.

• B. The reaction is at equilibrium.

• C. The reaction will proceed spontaneously in the reverse direction.

• D. The reaction will proceed spontaneously in the forward direction.

What is the main factor that determines whether a reaction is spontaneous or not?

• A. The enthalpy change (ΔH).

• B. The enthalpy change (ΔH).

• C. The temperature of the reaction.

• D. The reaction needs energy to happen.

Which of the following expressions represents the reaction quotient (Q) for the reaction:
aA + bB <=> cC + dD

• A. Q = ([A] [B]) / ([C] [D])

• B. Q = ([C] + [D]) / ([A] + [B])

• C. Q = ([A]^a [B]^b) / ([C]^c [D]^d)

• D. Q = ([C]^c [D]^d) / ([A]^a [B]^b)

For the following reaction:

2SO2(g) + O2(g) <=> 2SO3(g)

If the initial concentrations of SO2, O2, and SO3 are 0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.3 M respectively, what is the value of the reaction quotient (Q)?

• A. 0.45

• B. 2.25

• C. 4.5

• D. 9

Which of the following statements BEST describes the acid-base properties of water?

• A. Water is always basic.

• B. Water is always acidic.

• C. Water can act as both an acid and a base.

• D. Water is neutral and does not exhibit acid-base properties.

If the pH of a solution is 4, what is the pOH of the solution?

• A. 4

• B. 10

• C. 14

• D. -10