What was the primary role of hereditary rulers in early civilizations?

• To establish written law codes

• To lead religious ceremonies

• To maintain dynasties of kings and pharaohs

• To promote trade along rivers

Which of the following best describes the political structure of Sparta?

• Democracy with public debates

• Oligarchy with a rigid social structure

• Monarchy with hereditary rulers

• Empire with centralized government

How did the Roman Republic's government become more democratic in its decision-making process?

• By establishing a monarchy

• By creating a representative democracy with assemblies and the Senate

• By allowing women to vote

• By abolishing the Twelve Tables

Explain how the Pax Romana contributed to the economic prosperity of the Roman Empire.

• It led to the decline of trade routes

• It established a uniform system of money, expanding trade

• It restricted travel and trade on Roman roads

• It increased taxes on foreign goods

What was the significance of the Twelve Tables in the Roman Republic?

• They were a set of religious texts

• They codified Roman laws, providing a legal framework

• They were a collection of philosophical writings

• They outlined the duties of Roman soldiers

Evaluate the role of Italian city-states in the development of the Renaissance.

• They were isolated from trade routes

• They served as trading centers connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets

• They discouraged the use of credit and banking

• They were governed by monarchies

What was Machiavelli's perspective on power as described in "The Prince"?

• Power should be shared equally among citizens

• The end justifies the means, and rulers should do evil when necessary

• Rulers should always act morally and ethically

• Power should be limited to religious leaders

How did the manorial system function as a social and economic system during the Middle Ages?

• It promoted a flexible class structure

• It was based on self-sufficient manors with a rigid class structure

• It encouraged long-distance trade

• It abolished feudal obligations

Early civilizations had hereditary rulers such as kings or ______ in Egypt.

• Tzars

• Pharaohs

• gods

• prime ministers

What did bigger ships lead to?

• More trade of goods and ideas

• Stronger weapons and tools

• Invention of the alphabet

• Building the Great Wall of China