Adaptive Immune System Quiz

What does it mean when bacteria become “antibiotic resistant,” and why is this dangerous?

Answer explanation

When bacteria become "antibiotic resistant," they evolve to survive despite antibiotic treatment. This is dangerous because it makes infections harder to treat, leading to longer illnesses, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Infections in the nose, throat, chest, or ears are sometimes bacterial but are usually ______.

Answer explanation

Infections in the nose, throat, chest, or ears are often caused by viruses, making 'viral' the correct choice. While some infections can be bacterial, the majority are viral in nature.

The Kirby Bauer Method involves:

• Checking for fever symptoms

• Measuring zones of inhibition

• Testing for strep throat

• Taking antibiotics

Answer explanation

The Kirby Bauer Method is a standardized test used to measure the effectiveness of antibiotics by observing the zones of inhibition around antibiotic discs on agar plates, indicating bacterial susceptibility.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

What is the main purpose of a direct ELISA test?

• To identify DNA sequences in a sample

• To detect the presence of a specific antigen in a sample

• To create antibodies in a sample

• To change the color of a solution

Answer explanation

The main purpose of a direct ELISA test is to detect the presence of a specific antigen in a sample. This method uses antibodies to bind to the antigen, allowing for its identification and quantification.

Identify molecules that can be separated by gel electrophoresis.

Answer explanation

Gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on size and charge. Commonly separated molecules include DNA fragments, RNA, and proteins, as they migrate through the gel matrix at different rates depending on their size.

Explain how an electric field causes molecules to move in the gel.

Answer explanation

An electric field exerts forces on charged molecules, causing them to move. This movement occurs as positive and negative charges are attracted or repelled, leading to the migration of molecules within the gel.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-3

Format: A variation of flatbed electrophoresis, usually performed with ______ gel formats, like ______ or cassettes.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'larger, rectangular gel plates' as flatbed electrophoresis typically utilizes these gel formats for effective separation of biomolecules.

Sample Handling: Accommodates ______ sample volumes and allows a ______ number of samples simultaneously.

Molecules are separated into distinct ______ or “lanes” based on their size.

Genetic engineering: To verify the success of genetic ______.

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'modifications' as it directly relates to genetic engineering, which involves altering the genetic makeup of organisms. Verifying the success of genetic modifications is a key aspect of this field.