TEST 1 AAA623 FEBOCT2025

a) Figure 1 illustrates a vertical wall with a smooth back, standing 10.5 meters high, which retains soil with a bulk unit weight of 35 kN/m³ and an angle of internal friction (φ) of 30°. The soil surface is level with the top of the wall and is horizontal, carrying a uniformly distributed load of 75 kN/m². Using Rankine's theory, calculate the total active thrust exerted on the wall per linear meter and determine the point of application of this thrust.

b) With reference to the vertical retaining wall, the relation of earth pressure is important to keep the structure in place. Sketch and explain three (3) types of earth pressure.

c) Based on various types of earth-retaining structure, explain the following gravity wall as listed below:

i) Gabion wall

ii) Crib wall

b) Provide a brief explanation of Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations. Discuss three (3) differences of each type.

c) Provide a brief explanation of three (3) methods of pile installation. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each pile type based on the installation method.