Relative pronouns

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What is a relative pronoun?

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A relative pronoun is a word that introduces a relative clause and connects it to a noun or pronoun. Examples include 'who', 'which', 'that', and 'where'.

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When do we use 'who'?

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We use 'who' to refer to people. For example: 'The girl who won the race is my friend.'

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When do we use 'which'?

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We use 'which' to refer to animals or things. For example: 'The book which I read was exciting.'

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When do we use 'that'?

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We use 'that' to refer to people, animals, or things, often in defining clauses. For example: 'The car that I bought is red.'

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When do we use 'where'?

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We use 'where' to refer to places. For example: 'The park where we play is nearby.'

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What is a defining relative clause?

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A defining relative clause gives essential information about the noun it modifies. For example: 'The teacher who helps me is kind.'

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What is a non-defining relative clause?

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A non-defining relative clause adds extra information about a noun but is not essential. For example: 'My brother, who lives in London, is visiting.'

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What is the difference between 'who' and 'whom'?

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'Who' is used as a subject, while 'whom' is used as an object. For example: 'Who is coming?' vs. 'To whom should I give this?'.

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Can 'that' be used instead of 'who' or 'which'?

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Yes, 'that' can often be used instead of 'who' or 'which' in defining clauses. For example: 'The dog that barks is mine.'

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What is an example of a sentence using 'which'?

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An example is: 'The movie, which was directed by Spielberg, won several awards.'