Understanding the Reading Process. Dec 2 nd 2 nd test

What is the bottom-up reading process?

• A reading strategy that emphasizes memorizing entire passages without analyzing words.

• A technique that begins with interpreting complex sentences before identifying individual letters.

• A method that focuses on understanding the overall meaning of a text first.

• The bottom-up reading process is a method of reading that starts with recognizing letters and sounds, building up to words and sentences.

What are the main issues associated with the bottom-up approach?

• Main issues include lack of coordination, misalignment with goals, scaling difficulties, and integration challenges.

• Enhanced communication between teams

• Increased funding for all projects

• Overemphasis on top-down directives

How does the top-down reading process differ from the bottom-up process?

• The bottom-up process relies on intuition and experience, while the top-down process uses text structure.

• The top-down process is faster than the bottom-up process because it ignores prior knowledge.

• The top-down process focuses solely on phonetics, while the bottom-up process uses context clues.

• The top-down process relies on prior knowledge and context, whereas the bottom-up process emphasizes decoding text from the smallest units.

Who were the key scholars associated with the top-down reading model?

• David E. Rumelhart, Frank Smith, Kenneth Goodman

• Lev Vygotsky, Albert Bandura, Jerome Bruner

• Richard Anderson, John Dewey, Howard Gardner

• Noam Chomsky, B.F. Skinner, Jean Piaget

What does Goodman describe reading as?

• an unchanging routine of reading

• a simple task of memorization

• a passive activity of observation

• an active process of interpretation and engagement

What is a potential benefit of the top-down reading process?

• It enhances comprehension by utilizing prior knowledge.

• It encourages skimming for quick information.

• It focuses solely on the text without context.

• It reduces the need for prior knowledge.

Why has the bottom-up approach remained popular in Japan?

• It focuses solely on top-down directives.

• It emphasizes grassroots participation and local innovation.

• It relies on international standards without local input.

• It prioritizes corporate interests over community needs.

What does the term 'data-driven' refer to in reading models?

• Data-driven refers to using data analysis to inform reading instruction and strategies.

• Data-driven means reading without any data analysis.

• Data-driven refers to memorizing texts without context.

• Data-driven is about using intuition over data in reading.

How does memory overload occur in the bottom-up process?

• Memory overload occurs due to lack of attention to sensory input.

• Memory overload occurs when excessive sensory input overwhelms processing capacity.

• Memory overload happens when information is processed too slowly.

• Memory overload is caused by too few sensory inputs being received.

What is meant by 'psycholinguistic guessing game'?

• A competition to see who can speak the fastest.

• A quiz focused on historical linguistics.

• A game where players create new languages from scratch.

• A game where players guess words or phrases based on linguistic cues and context.