Logical Fallacies and Philosophical Concepts

Jane and her friends are excited about a new teleserye. She tells them they should all watch it because their favorite love team is in the main cast, and she believes it must be a good show. Jane’s conclusion is based solely on the popularity of the actors without considering the story or quality of the production. Which fallacy does her reasoning reflect?

• Appeal to Authority

• Ad Populum

• Circular Argument

• Slippery Slope

During a community discussion about local improvements, Jelson says that instead of discussing road repairs, people should focus on the rising inflation rate in the Philippines. He insists that inflation is a more pressing issue, shifting attention away from the original topic. What type of logical fallacy is Jelson using?

• Red Herring

• False Cause

• Appeal to Ignorance

• Circular Reasoning

Welmer’s cousin recently didn’t pass the UPCAT (University of the Philippines College Admission Test). Carlo then tells his friends that the UPCAT must be impossible to pass since his cousin, who studied hard, failed the exam. He bases his conclusion on one experience without considering the exam's overall difficulty and success rates. What logical fallacy is Welmer’s argument based on?

• Hasty Generalization

• Composition

• Fallacy of Division

• False Dichotomy

During an election campaign, a barangay official says, “If you don’t vote for me, don’t expect any help during the next typhoon.” He uses this statement to persuade people to support him, creating a sense of threat for not voting in his favor. What kind of logical fallacy is in this statement?

• Appeal to Force (Ad Baculum)

• Appeal to Pity (Ad Misericordiam)

• Bandwagon

• False Dichotomy

Marlon and his friend are discussing political issues, but Marlon dismisses his friend’s opinion by saying, “You’re too young to understand these issues. Leave it to adults.” Instead of addressing his friend’s points, he discredits him based on age. What logical fallacy is Marlon using?

• Ad Hominem

• Slippery Slope

• Circular Argument

• Appeal to Ignorance

Rhambie and his classmates are discussing urban legends, and Rhambie confidently states that the “White Lady” of Balete Drive must be real because no one has proven otherwise. He bases his belief on the lack of evidence against it rather than evidence supporting it. Which logical fallacy is Rhambie relying on?

• Appeal to Ignorance

• Straw Man

• Appeal to Pity

• Circular Reasoning

In a class election, Christian argues that his friend should be class president because “everyone in class wants him.” He implies that popularity alone makes his friend the best choice without considering other qualifications. What type of fallacy is Christian using?

• Ad Populum

• Appeal to Pity

• Red Herring

• Straw Man

Vhia is discussing how they should celebrate the upcoming barangay fiesta. She argues that they should only include traditional activities because "this is how it has always been done.” She believes that tradition alone justifies the continuation of the same practices. What fallacy is Vhia’s argument based on?

• Appeal to Ignorance

• Appeal to Tradition

• Red Herring

• Ad Hominem

During a group project, Lawrence insists that if they don’t adopt his idea, their project is bound to fail. He presents only two extreme outcomes, ignoring other potential solutions. What type of fallacy is present in Lawrence’s statement?

• Appeal to Force

• False Dichotomy

• Straw Man

• Red Herring

Larah believes that every action she takes, positive or negative, will influence her future circumstances and even her next life. Which philosophical concept aligns with Larah’s belief?

• The Argument from Motion

• Dharma in Hinduism

• Karma in Hinduism

• The Eightfold Path in Buddhism