When did Sudan gain independence from Egypt and Britain?

• 1945

• 1956

• 1963

• 1972

What was a major cause of Sudan's first and second civil wars?

• Economic prosperity

• Ethnic and religious divisions

• Foreign invasion

• Natural disasters

What significant event occurred in Sudan in 2011?

• The overthrow of President Omar al-Bashir

• The independence of South Sudan

• The start of the first civil war

• The discovery of new oil reserves

Who was overthrown in Sudan in 2019 after months of protests?

• President Omar al-Bashir

• President Salva Kiir

• President John Garang

• President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi

What event in 2023 worsened the political situation in Sudan?

• A natural disaster

• A violent conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces

• An economic crisis

• A diplomatic dispute with neighboring countries

What is a significant consequence of the conflict in Sudan as mentioned in the text?

• Increased foreign investment

• A significant refugee crisis

• Improved infrastructure

• Economic prosperity

Who were the key figures in the overthrow of President Omar Bashir in Sudan?

• Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo

• Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu

• Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru

• Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt

What strategy did Omar Bashir use to protect himself from being overthrown?

• Forming alliances with foreign powers

• Implementing economic reforms

• Coup-proofing by surrounding himself with loyal protectors

• Strengthening the SAF's presence in Darfur

What was the role of the Janjaweed during the conflict in Darfur?

• They were peacekeepers sent by the UN

• They were tasked with eliminating both Darfuri rebels and civilians

• They were a humanitarian group providing aid

• They were a political party advocating for independence

What was the main reason for Bashir's weakened position in 2011?

• Loss of international support

• Economic sanctions

• Southern Sudan's independence

• Military defeat