Quiz about Semester Exam Review

Question 1

What is the difference between an experiment and an observation?

Accepted Answer

An experiment involves manipulating variables, while an observation involves watching and recording without interference.

Answer

An experiment is always conducted in a laboratory, while an observation is done in natural settings.

Answer

An experiment requires a hypothesis, while an observation does not.

Answer

An experiment is qualitative, while an observation is quantitative.

Question 2

Create a hypothesis for the following question: What will happen if I mix baking soda and vinegar together?

Accepted Answer

If I mix baking soda and vinegar together, then carbon dioxide will be produced.

Answer

It will form a solid substance.

Answer

It will change color.

Answer

It will produce a gas.

Question 3

In an experiment to test how fast a toy car will roll down a ramp at different heights, what are the independent and dependent variables?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable: Height of the ramp; Dependent variable: Speed of the toy car

Answer

Independent variable: Speed of the toy car; Dependent variable: Height of the ramp

Answer

Independent variable: Weight of the toy car; Dependent variable: Height of the ramp

Answer

Independent variable: Surface of the ramp; Dependent variable: Speed of the toy car

Question 4

You generate a hypothesis that if you create a boat using aluminum foil, it will be able to hold 200 pennies while floating in the water. What conclusion could you draw from the experiment where your aluminum foil boat sank after adding 53 pennies?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis was incorrect; the boat cannot hold 200 pennies.

Answer

The hypothesis was correct; the boat can hold 200 pennies.

Answer

The boat can hold more than 200 pennies.

Answer

The boat can hold exactly 53 pennies.

Question 5

Silvia conducted an experiment in a laboratory and reports a new discovery relating to a new vaccine that can provide humans with immunity to an infectious disease. Other scientists are unable to reproduce the results of this experiment. How could this happen?

Accepted Answer

The results are not valid.

Answer

Silvia made an error in her experiment.

Answer

The other scientists are not skilled enough.

Answer

The vaccine is not effective.

Question 6

After a scientist collects data and inputs it into a chart or graph, what should the next step in the scientific investigation be?

Accepted Answer

Analyze and interpret the data.

Answer

Make a hypothesis

Answer

Observe & record results

Answer

Share results.

Question 7

True or false: There is only one way to conduct a scientific investigation.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 8

Robert goes outside and takes notes on the behaviors of squirrels in the park at the same time each day for 7 days. After he finishes, Jim does the same experiment the following week and the two share notes. In what ways was the experiment of observing squirrel behaviors repeated and replicated by Robert and Jim?

Accepted Answer

Robert repeated multiple trials over 7 days. Jim replicated Robert's experiment.

Answer

Robert and Jim observed different animals.

Answer

Robert and Jim observed squirrels at different times.

Answer

Robert and Jim observed squirrels in different locations.

Question 9

Why would a scientist prefer to conduct certain investigations in a laboratory?

Accepted Answer

To have a controlled environment

Answer

To save time

Answer

To reduce costs

Answer

To avoid ethical issues

Question 10

Why is it important for a hypothesis to be testable?

Accepted Answer

To ensure it can be proven or disproven through experimentation

Answer

To make it easier to write scientific papers

Answer

To allow for more complex theories to be developed

Answer

To ensure it aligns with existing scientific beliefs

Question 11

What are some ways you could organize data in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Using tables and charts

Answer

Randomly

Answer

Ignoring it

Answer

Only in memory

Question 12

What type of scientific investigations would involve making observations?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive investigations

Answer

Theoretical investigations

Answer

Computational investigations

Question 13

What is the difference between repetition and replication?

Accepted Answer

Repetition involves repeating the same experiment multiple times, while replication involves conducting the experiment by different researchers or in different settings.

Answer

Repetition and replication are the same and involve repeating the same experiment multiple times.

Answer

Repetition involves conducting the experiment by different researchers, while replication involves repeating the same experiment multiple times.

Answer

Repetition and replication both involve conducting the experiment by different researchers.

Question 14

Which type of experiment would involve using both qualitative and quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

A survey with open-ended and multiple-choice questions

Answer

A mathematical computation

Answer

A chemical reaction observation

Answer

A historical document analysis

Question 15

You want to conduct an experiment to see how long it takes for different types of apples to turn brown once you cut them. What is a variable that should remain constant in an experiment to see how long it takes for different types of apple to turn brown once you cut them?

Accepted Answer

Temperature of the environment

Answer

Type of apple

Answer

Time of day the experiment is conducted

Answer

Sweetness of the apple

Question 16

You build 3 different types of filtration systems to clean water for drinking. What type of data would you need to collect on this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative

Answer

Qualitative

Question 17

Why are peer-reviewed papers based on scientific investigations considered more trustworthy than ones that are not?

Accepted Answer

They are reviewed by experts in the field before publication.

Answer

They are published in more prestigious journals.

Answer

They are longer and more detailed.

Answer

They are more frequently cited.

Question 18

Before you create a hypothesis, what should you do?

Accepted Answer

Think about a problem or question about the world around you.

Answer

Write a conclusion

Answer

Perform an experiment

Answer

Analyze data

Question 19

Which container represents a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Container B

Answer

Container A

Answer

Container C

Question 20

Describe how the particle motion in solids and liquids are similar and describe how they are different.

Accepted Answer

The particles in both are always in motion, but in solids they have a fixed arrangement and in liquids they move freely past each other.

Answer

The particles in a solid are not in motion, and the particles in a liquid move freely past each other.

Answer

The particles in both are not in motion.

Answer

The particles in both are always in motion, but in liquids they have a fixed arrangement and in solids they move freely past each other.

Question 21

The sun warms a body of water which causes the particles at the surface to gain heat, rise and form clouds. What is this process called in terms of change in state and thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Freezing

Question 22

How does condensation differ from evaporation? Describe how they differ in regards to thermal energy.

Accepted Answer

Condensation releases thermal energy, while evaporation absorbs it.

Answer

Condensation absorbs thermal energy, while evaporation releases it.

Answer

Both processes release thermal energy.

Answer

Both processes absorb thermal energy.

Question 23

What are the two types of vaporization and what is the main difference between the two?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation and boiling; evaporation occurs at the surface and boiling occurs throughout the liquid

Answer

Condensation and sublimation; condensation is a gas to liquid transition and sublimation is solid to gas

Answer

Melting and freezing; melting is solid to liquid and freezing is liquid to solid

Answer

Sublimation and deposition; sublimation is solid to gas and deposition is gas to solid

Question 24

Describe the difference between melting and freezing in regards to thermal energy.

Accepted Answer

Melting involves the absorption of thermal energy, while freezing involves the release of thermal energy.

Answer

Melting involves the release of thermal energy, while freezing involves the absorption of thermal energy.

Answer

Both melting and freezing involve the absorption of thermal energy.

Answer

Both melting and freezing involve the release of thermal energy.

Question 25

How could the volume of a gas be increased?

Accepted Answer

By increasing the temperature

Answer

By decreasing the temperature

Answer

By increasing the pressure

Answer

By decreasing the pressure

Question 26

Which container represents a solid?

Accepted Answer

Container C

Answer

Container A

Answer

Container B

Question 27

Is there a state of matter in which particles do not move?

Accepted Answer

No, particles always move

Answer

Yes, in the solid state

Answer

Yes, in the liquid state

Answer

Yes, in the gaseous state

Question 28

Polar ice caps are melting in the arctic. In terms of thermal energy and change in state, what is happening to the ice caps?

Accepted Answer

The ice caps are gaining thermal energy and changing from solid to liquid state.

Answer

The ice caps are losing thermal energy and changing from liquid to solid state.

Answer

The ice caps are gaining thermal energy and changing from liquid to gas state.

Answer

The ice caps are losing thermal energy and changing from gas to liquid state.

Question 29

Which container represents a gas?

Accepted Answer

Container A

Answer

Container B

Answer

Container C

Question 30

What occurs during condensation in this diagram of the water cycle?

Accepted Answer

The water vapor evaporates from the surface and changes state to liquid in order to form clouds.

Answer

The liquid water forms clouds.

Answer

Liquid water freezes and falls to Earth as snow.

Answer

Water vapor falls to the Earth as fog.

Question 31

What is the difference between the kinetic energy of the particles in milk versus a milkshake?

Accepted Answer

The particles in the milk move faster and have more kinetic energy than the particles in the milkshake because the milk has more thermal energy.

Answer

The kinetic energy of particles in a milkshake is higher than in milk.

Answer

There is no difference in the kinetic energy of particles in milk and a milkshake.

Answer

The kinetic energy of particles in milk and a milkshake depends on temperature.

Question 32

How could you prove to someone that air is matter?

Accepted Answer

Weigh an empty balloon, then fill it with air and weigh it again and compare the two.

Answer

By explaining that air is invisible

Answer

By stating that air is a gas

Answer

By demonstrating that air is essential for breathing

Question 33

Find the volume of each:

1. Density = 13.8 g/mL Mass = 27 g

2. Density = 22.7 g/mL Mass = 59 g

3. Density = 5.3 g/mL Mass = 21.6 g

Accepted Answer

1) 1.95 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 4.07 mL

Answer

1) 2.6 mL; 2) 1.95 mL; 3) 4.07 mL

Answer

1) 1.95 mL; 2) 4.07 mL; 3) 2.6 mL

Answer

1) 4.07 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 1.95 mL

Question 34

What is density?

Accepted Answer

The mass of an object per unit volume

Answer

The amount of space an object occupies

Answer

The weight of an object in air

Answer

The volume of an object per unit mass

Question 35

People often shake snow globes in order to see them work because the particles sink to the bottom. Why does this happen?

Accepted Answer

The particles are denser than the liquid inside the globe.

Answer

The particles are lighter than the liquid inside the globe.

Answer

The particles are magnetic and attracted to the base.

Answer

The particles dissolve in the liquid over time.

Question 36

How do measuring the densities of a regular shape and an irregular shape differ?

Accepted Answer

By using different methods for finding volume

Answer

By using different units of measurement

Answer

By using different types of scales

Answer

By using different types of liquids for displacement

Question 37

How does measuring the density of a liquid differ from measuring the density of a solid?

Accepted Answer

Solids can be measured with a ruler, formula, or water displacement. Liquid volume requires a tool such as a graduated cylinder to measure.

Answer

By using a thermometer for liquids and a ruler for solids

Answer

By using a barometer for liquids and a scale for solids

Answer

By using a hygrometer for liquids and a caliper for solids

Question 38

Oil spills can be devastating to our marine ecosystems. Oil floats on water. This makes clean up easier than it would be if they were to mix. Why does it float?

Accepted Answer

Because oil is less dense than water

Answer

Because oil is denser than water

Answer

Because oil and water have the same density

Answer

Because oil is heavier than water

Question 39

What are the steps involved in finding the density of a substance?

Accepted Answer

Measure the mass and volume of the substance, then divide mass by volume.

Answer

Measure the temperature and pressure of the substance, then divide temperature by pressure.

Answer

Measure the color and texture of the substance, then divide color by texture.

Answer

Measure the weight and height of the substance, then divide weight by height.

Question 40

Find the Density of each:

1. Mass = 20 g Volume= 15 mL

2. Mass = 50 g Volume = 19 mL

3. Mass = 25.6 g Volume = 68 mL

Accepted Answer

1) 1.333 g/mL; 2) 2.631 g/mL; 3) 0.376 g/mL

Answer

1) 1.333 g/mL; 2) 0.376 g/mL; 3) 2.631 g/mL

Answer

1) 0.376 g/mL; 2) 1.333 g/mL; 3) 2.631 g/mL

Answer

1) 2.631 g/mL; 2) 1.333 g/mL;3) 0.376 g/mL

Question 41

Which of the following best describes the similarities and differences between these two substances?

Accepted Answer

Box B has a higher mass than Box A. Both have the same volume, so B has a higher density.

Answer

Box B has a higher mass and volume than Box A, so B has a higher density.

Answer

Box A has a higher mass and volume than Box B, so A has a higher density.

Answer

Box B and Box A have the same mass and volume, so they have the same density.

Question 42

Find the volume of each:

1. Density = 13.8 g/mL Mass = 27 g

2. Density = 22.7 g/mL Mass = 59 g

3. Density = 5.3 g/mL Mass = 21.6 g

Accepted Answer

1) 1.95 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 4.07 mL

Answer

1) 1.95 mL; 2) 4.07 mL; 3) 2.6 mL

Answer

1) 4.07 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 1.95 mL

Answer

1) 2.6 mL; 2) 1.95 mL; 3) 4.07 mL

Question 43

Why do scientists find the periodic table to be a useful tool?

Accepted Answer

It organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.

Answer

It provides a list of all known chemical reactions.

Answer

It is a historical document of element discovery.

Answer

It is used to predict weather patterns.

Question 44

Explain the relationship that exists between atoms and elements.

Accepted Answer

Each element is a different type of atom. An element can be identified by how many protons it has in its nucleus, which is unique to each element.

Answer

Elements are the smallest units of atoms, which are pure substances consisting of only one type of element.

Answer

Atoms and elements are unrelated concepts in chemistry.

Answer

Elements are made up of different types of atoms combined together.

Question 45

What are the charges and the masses of electrons, protons, and neutrons?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have a negative charge and negligible mass, protons have a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit, and neutrons have no charge and a mass similar to protons.

Answer

Electrons have a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit, protons have a negative charge and negligible mass, and neutrons have no charge and a mass similar to electrons.

Answer

Electrons have no charge and a mass similar to protons, protons have a positive charge and negligible mass, and neutrons have a negative charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit.

Answer

Electrons have a negative charge and a mass similar to protons, protons have no charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit, and neutrons have a positive charge and negligible mass.

Question 46

Which two of these elements share chemical properties? How do you know?

Accepted Answer

Fe and Ru because they are in the same group.

Answer

Fe and Mn because the atomic numbers are in numerical order.

Answer

Xe and P because they are both gases.

Answer

Ca and Fe because they are in the same period.

Question 47

Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of:

Accepted Answer

Electrons in their outer shell

Answer

Protons

Answer

Neutrons

Answer

Atomic mass

Question 48

What is the difference between the nucleus of a Sodium (Na) atom and a Magnesium (Mg) atom?

Accepted Answer

Sodium has 11 protons and Magnesium has 12 protons

Answer

Sodium has 12 protons and Magnesium has 11 protons

Answer

Sodium has 11 neutrons and Magnesium has 12 neutrons

Answer

Sodium has 12 neutrons and Magnesium has 11 neutrons

Question 49

How could an isotope identify an element?

Accepted Answer

By the atomic mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Answer

By the atomic number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Answer

By the number of electrons, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Answer

By the number or protons, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 50

Could an element go between Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) on the periodic table? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

No, because the atomic numbers are consecutive.

Answer

Yes, because there is space for new elements.

Answer

Yes, because elements can be added anywhere.

Answer

No, because Copper and Zinc are in different periods.

Question 51

As you go through the periodic table, do each of the elements increase in atomic mass as they increase in atomic number?

Accepted Answer

No, there are exceptions where atomic mass does not increase with atomic number.

Answer

Yes, each element increases in atomic mass as atomic number increases.

Question 52

Which element is found in group 2, period 6?

Accepted Answer

Barium

Answer

Radium

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Strontium

Question 53

What type of mixture is Italian salad dressing? Is it homogeneous or heterogeneous? Is it a solution, colloid or suspension? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Heterogeneous suspension - you can see the individual particles and the larger ones will settle to the bottom.

Answer

Heterogeneous colloid - you can see the individual particles and they are not mixed evenly throughout.

Answer

Homogeneous mixture - you cannot see the individual particles and it is the same throughout

Answer

Homogeneous colloid - you can see the individual particles and they are mixed evenly throughout.

Question 54

Particles of a suspension will settle while particles of a colloid do not. Why does this happen?

Accepted Answer

The particles of a suspension are larger than the particles of a colloid.

Answer

The particles of a suspension are more polar than the particles of a colloid.

Answer

The particles of a suspension are less polar than the particles of a colloid.

Answer

The particles of a suspension are denser than the particles of a colloid.

Question 55

What do elements, compounds and mixtures have in common?

Accepted Answer

They are all made of atoms.

Answer

Nothing.

Answer

They are all made of compounds.

Answer

They are all made of solutes and solvents.

Question 56

Why is water considered the universal solvent?

Accepted Answer

It dissolves more substances than any other liquid.

Answer

It is a polar molecule.

Answer

It dissolves every substance it contacts.

Answer

It dissolves all substances in the universe.

Question 57

Name 3 examples of elements, compounds and mixtures.

Accepted Answer

Element: Helium, Oxygen, Lithium

Compound: Water, carbon dioxide, baking soda

Mixture: sweet tea, lemonade, Kool-aid

Answer

Element: Helium, Oxygen, Lithium

Compound: sweet tea, lemonade, Kool-aid

Mixture: Water, carbon dioxide, baking soda

Answer

Element: Water, carbon dioxide, baking soda

Compound: Helium, Oxygen, Lithium

Mixture: sweet tea, lemonade, Kool-aid

Answer

Element: sweet tea, lemonade, Kool-aid

Compound: Water, carbon dioxide, baking soda

Mixture: Helium, Oxygen, Lithium

Question 58

What type of mixture is sugar and tea? Is it homogeneous or heterogeneous? Is it a solution, colloid or suspension? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Homogeneous solution, because it is the same throughout

Answer

Heterogeneous solution, because it is not the same throughout

Answer

Homogeneous colloid, because it has particles mixed throughout

Answer

Heterogeneous suspension, because it is has particles that settle to the bottom

Question 59

Why is baking soda considered a pure substance but flour is not?

Accepted Answer

Baking soda is a compound (sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) while flour is a mixture of wheat, vitamins, and minerals.

Answer

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) and flour are both pure substances.

Answer

Baking soda is a mixture (sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) while flour is a compound of wheat, vitamins, and minerals.

Answer

Baking soda is an element (sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) while flour is a compound of wheat, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 60

What are two elements with similar properties to the element found in group 2, period 6?

Accepted Answer

Barium (Ba) & Beryllium (Be)

Answer

Calcium (Ca) and Oxygen (O)

Answer

Hydrogen (H) and Lithium (Li)

Answer

Neon (Ne) and Argon (Ar)

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