Hypothesis Testing

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What is Hypothesis Testing?

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A statistical method used to make decisions about the validity of a claim based on sample data.

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What is a Null Hypothesis (H0)?

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A statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)?

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A statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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What does a P-value represent in hypothesis testing?

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The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

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It means that the evidence from the sample data is strong enough to conclude that the null hypothesis is unlikely to be true.

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What is a Type I Error?

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The error made when the null hypothesis is true but is incorrectly rejected.

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What is a Type II Error?

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The error made when the null hypothesis is false but is incorrectly failed to be rejected.

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What is the significance level (α)?

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The threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05.

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What is a one-tailed test?

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A hypothesis test that evaluates the direction of the effect, either greater than or less than a certain value.

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What is a two-tailed test?

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A hypothesis test that evaluates whether the effect is significantly different from a certain value, without specifying a direction.