Which of the following cell parts are found in ALL cells...eukaryotes and prokaryotes. (3)

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

• cell membrane

• mitochondria

• choroplasts

Answer explanation

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, and cell membrane are found in all cells. Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance, ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, and the cell membrane protects and regulates entry and exit of substances.

Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells and not prokaryotic cells?

• mitochondria

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

• cell wall

Answer explanation

Mitochondria are organelles responsible for energy production and are found only in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack mitochondria, relying instead on the cell membrane for energy processes.

What organelle has protein production as its function?

• vacuole

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• ribosomes

• nucleus

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein production. They synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA, making them essential for cellular function, unlike vacuoles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or the nucleus.

What organelle maintains cell homeostasis by controlling which substances can enter and exit a cell?

• cell membrane

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

• golgi bodies

• centrosome

Answer explanation

The cell membrane is the organelle that maintains cell homeostasis by selectively controlling the entry and exit of substances, ensuring the internal environment remains stable.

Which of the following are only found in PLANT cells (and most bacteria) and not in animal cells.

• lysosome

• mitochondria

• cell wall

• nucleus

Answer explanation

The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells and most bacteria, providing support and protection. In contrast, animal cells lack a cell wall, having only a flexible plasma membrane.

Which of the following are only found in PLANT cells (and many protists like algae) and not in animal cells.

• chloroplast

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells and some protists, responsible for photosynthesis. In contrast, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, and ribosomes are present in both plant and animal cells.

Prokaryotic organisms can be multicellular.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, are typically unicellular. While some can form colonies, they do not exhibit true multicellularity like eukaryotes. Therefore, the statement is false.

Prokaryotic cells include which of the following?

• plants

• animals

• fungi

• bacteria

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms without a nucleus. Among the options, only bacteria are prokaryotic. Plants, animals, and fungi are eukaryotic, which have complex cells with a nucleus.

What type of cells is pictured?

• Eukaryotic - animal

• Eukaryotic - plant

• Prokaryotic - animal

• Prokaryotic - plant

Answer explanation

The cells depicted are eukaryotic and animal in nature, characterized by a defined nucleus and organelles. This distinguishes them from prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus and are simpler in structure.

This organelle is found only in animals and functions in digesting bacteria and old cell parts:

• central vacuole

• lysosome

• golgi bodies

• cytoplasm

Answer explanation

The lysosome is an organelle found only in animal cells, responsible for digesting bacteria and recycling old cell parts through its digestive enzymes, making it the correct answer.