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Ice cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in many different colors and flavors. Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate. Though both of these flavors are delicious, strawberry may contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not. Chocolate comes from a cacao bean, while strawberry is picked as a fruit. Even though more chocolate ice cream is sold across the country annually than strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milkshake.

• description

• problem & solution

• cause & effect

• compare & contrast

Answer explanation

The passage compares and contrasts strawberry and chocolate ice-cream by highlighting their differences in ingredients and sales, while also noting that both flavors are enjoyable in milkshakes.

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It was the most beautiful banana split that I had ever seen. In the middle of the bowl, there were three scoops of ice cream: chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla. On top of the ice cream were a banana and a thick web of chocolate and caramel sauces. A huge puff of whipped cream covered the sauces and a handful of crushed nuts dappled the whipped cream. On top of it all was a cherry, but I’ve never liked the soggy squish of cherries. 

• problem & solution

• sequential

• cause & effect

• description

Answer explanation

The passage provides a detailed description of a banana split, focusing on its visual elements and components. This aligns with the 'description' choice, as it vividly illustrates the dessert rather than presenting a problem, sequence, or cause.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

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Fireworks are beautiful; but as with many beautiful things, they are also dangerous. Misusing fireworks can result in property damage, injury, and even the loss of life. Such accidents usually happen for one of two reasons. The operators may be using poorly manufactured products, such as fireworks with fuses that burn too quickly. A defective firework can cause even the most skilled operator to have an accident. Other times, however, it is the operator who is at fault. The operator may be unskilled or distracted and make a mistake, such as setting up an explosion sequence improperly or not accounting for conditions in the environment, like soundproof foaming. For these reasons even the most beautiful fireworks display can turn really ugly really quickly. 

• cause & effect

• problem & soltion

• description

• compare & contrast 

Answer explanation

The passage discusses the dangers of fireworks, highlighting causes of accidents such as defective products and operator errors. This clearly illustrates a cause and effect relationship, making 'cause & effect' the correct choice.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

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What text structure explains why something happened or explains the effects of something?

• Compare or Contrast

• Problem or Solution

• Cause or Effect

• Sequence

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Cause or Effect' because this text structure specifically explains why something happened (the cause) or what resulted from it (the effect). This is distinct from the other options provided.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

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Every morning, I wake up at about 7:00 AM. The first thing I do is make my bed and pick out the clothes I’m going to wear. Then, I brush my teeth and take a shower. After my shower, I dry my hair and get dressed.

• description

• compare & contrast

• order & sequence

• problem & solution

Answer explanation

The passage outlines a series of morning activities in a specific order, starting from waking up to getting dressed. This clearly illustrates an 'order & sequence' of actions, making it the correct choice.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

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Which type of text structure is the following written in?

Did you know that an armadillo is really a mammal? Armadillos are the only mammals with hard shells. The hard shells, or bony plates, cover their backs, heads, legs, and tails. Their hard shells even helped name them. The word armadillo means, "little armored one" in Spanish.

• Cause and effect

• Compare and contrast

• Chronological order

• Description

• Problem and solution

Answer explanation

The text provides specific details about armadillos, such as their classification as mammals and the characteristics of their hard shells. This focus on describing features indicates a descriptive text structure.

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Some dogs and cats do not have homes. People started animal shelters to take care of these animals and solve the problem of homeless animals. At the shelters, dogs and cats get food and water. They get to play with other dogs and cats. Sometimes, people bring a lost animal to the shelter. Some of these dogs and cats get a new home! People come to animal shelters to get a new pet. What type of text structure is this?

• cause and effect

• description

• problem and solution

• compare and contrast

Answer explanation

The text describes the problem of homeless animals and explains how animal shelters provide a solution by caring for them and helping them find new homes. This clearly aligns with the problem and solution text structure.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

CCSS.RI.3.5

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