Final Review

The ____ is the rigid outer part

of the Earth, consisting of the

crust and upper mantle. (Lecture 16)

• Lithosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Cryosphere

About how many natural chemical elements are found in Earth’s crust, mantle, and core? (Lecture 16)

• 200

• 1000

• 100

• 150

What kind of rock is formed

form by solidification of

molten magma? (Lecture 16)

• Sedimentary

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

(a)   are vibrations or seismic waves

produced by shock waves from sudden crustal

displacement usually along a fault. (Lecture 16)

(a)   are

landforms built by

the emission of lava

and gases from a

constricted vent in

the Earth’s surface. (Lecture 17)

_________ are huge,

subterranean reservoirs of molten rock. (Lecture 17)

• Vents

• Magma chambers

• Craters

• Tephra

Which of these is NOT a type of weathering? (Lecture 17)

• Physical

• Biological

• Subliminal

• Chemical

True or False: Biological weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down by

reactions with water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and/or acids. (Lecture 17)

• True

• False

Answer explanation

This process is CHEMICAL weathering.

True or False: Weathering rates are primarily controlled by rock type, rock structure, and climate. (Lecture 18)

• True

• False

(a)   is the downhill

movement of

soil or rock

under the

influence of

gravity. (Lecture 18)