Section 3: Computers

What is a fundamental element of the von Neumann architecture?

• Arithmetic Logic Unit

• Flash Memory

• Cloud Storage

• Network Interface

Answer explanation

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a fundamental component of the von Neumann architecture, responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations, making it essential for processing data.

Which of the following components is not directly involved in the execution phase of the fetch-decode-execute cycle?

• A) Program Counter

• B) Instruction Register

• C) Memory

• D) Hard Disk Drive

Answer explanation

The Hard Disk Drive (D) is not directly involved in the execution phase of the fetch-decode-execute cycle. The Program Counter, Instruction Register, and Memory are all essential components during this phase.

What is the main idea behind the Von Neumann architecture?

• Storing programs and data separately

• Holding both programs and data in memory

• Using external storage for programs

• None of the above.

Answer explanation

The Von Neumann architecture is based on the concept of storing both programs and data in the same memory space, allowing the CPU to access instructions and data efficiently. This distinguishes it from architectures that separate them.

The CPU contains the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and ________.

• Memory

• Registers

• Hard Drive

• Monitor

Answer explanation

The CPU includes the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Registers. Registers are small storage locations within the CPU that hold data temporarily for processing, making them essential for CPU operations.

What is the primary function of the system clock in a computer?

• To control processor timing

• To store data

• To manage power supply

• To connect peripherals.

Answer explanation

The primary function of the system clock is to control processor timing, ensuring that the CPU operates at the correct speed and synchronizes its operations with other components.

The system bus includes three types of buses: address bus, control bus, and ________.

• Power bus

• Data bus

• Signal bus

• Memory bus

Answer explanation

The system bus consists of three main types: the address bus, control bus, and the data bus. The data bus is responsible for transferring actual data between components, making it the correct answer.

What are the three main stages of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

• Fetch, Decode, Execute

• Load, Process, Output

• Input, Process, Output

• Fetch, Process, Store

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Fetch, Decode, Execute' as these are the three main stages of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle in computer architecture, where instructions are fetched from memory, decoded, and then executed.

In the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle, the Control Unit is responsible for ______ the instruction.

• Fetching

• Decoding

• Executing

• Storing

Answer explanation

In the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle, the Control Unit is responsible for decoding the instruction, which involves interpreting what the instruction means and preparing it for execution.

What is an embedded system?

• A) A large computer used for general purposes

• B) A small computer built into equipment for specific functions

• C) A type of secondary storage

• D) A software application.

Answer explanation

An embedded system is specifically designed for a particular function within a larger system, making option B the correct choice. Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded systems are optimized for specific tasks.

Which of the following is NOT a type of secondary storage technology?

• Magnetic disks

• Solid state devices

• Optical devices

• Primary memory

Answer explanation

Primary memory, also known as RAM, is not a type of secondary storage technology. It is used for temporary data storage while a computer is running, unlike magnetic disks, solid state devices, and optical devices, which are all forms of secondary storage.