Exploring Epigenetics and Its Impact

What is the primary role of DNA methylation in gene expression?

• To increase the rate of transcription

• To silence gene expression

• To enhance protein synthesis

• To repair DNA damage

Which of the following is a common type of histone modification?

• Phosphorylation

• Glycosylation

• Methylation

• Hydroxylation

How does histone acetylation affect gene expression?

• It condenses chromatin, reducing gene expression

• It loosens chromatin, increasing gene expression

• It has no effect on gene expression

• It causes DNA to mutate

Which of the following best describes epigenetic inheritance?

• The passing of genetic mutations to offspring

• The transmission of gene expression patterns without changes in DNA sequence

• The inheritance of physical traits

• The transfer of mitochondrial DNA

What environmental factor can influence epigenetic changes?

• Temperature

• Diet

• Light exposure

• All of the above

Which disease is commonly associated with epigenetic changes?

• Diabetes

• Cystic fibrosis

• Cancer

• Influenza

What is the effect of DNA methylation on CpG islands?

• It activates gene expression

• It silences gene expression

• It has no effect

• It causes DNA replication

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of histone modification?

• Acetylation

• Methylation

• Phosphorylation

• Transcription

How can epigenetic changes be reversed?

• Through genetic mutation

• By altering environmental factors

• By changing DNA sequence

• They cannot be reversed

What role do histone deacetylases (HDACs) play in gene expression?

• They add acetyl groups to histones

• They remove acetyl groups from histones

• They methylate DNA

• They repair DNA