AP Psych Unit 2 Test Review (Perception, Cognition, and Memory)

If you had sight in only one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?

• Texture Gradient

• Convergence

• Linear Perspective

• Interposition

You are shown a picture of your grandfather's face, but the eyes and mouth are blocked out. You still recognize it as a picture of your grandfather. Which type of processing best explains this example of perception?

• Bottom-Up Processing

• Signal Detection Theory

• Top-Down Processing

• Opponent-Process Theory

Which of the following sentences best describes the relationship between culture and perception?

• Our perceptual rules are inborn and not affected by culture

• Perceptual rules are culturally based, so rules that apply to one culture rarely apply to another

• Most perceptual rules apply in all cultures, but some perceptual rules are learned and vary among cultures

• Slight variations in sensory apparatuses among cultures create slight differences in perception

In a perception research lab, you are asked to describe the shape of the top of a box as the box is slowly rotated. Which concept are the researchers most likely investigating?

• Shape Constancy

• Feature detectors in the retina

• Placement of rods and cones in the retina

• Binocular depth cues

Which of the following is an example of the use of the representative heursitic?

• Judging that a young person is more likely to be the investigator of an argument than an older person because you believe younger people are more likely to start fights

• Breaking down a math story problem into smaller, representative parts in order to solve it

• Judging a situation by a rule that is usually, but not always, true

• Solving a problem with a rule that guarantees the right, more representative answer

Which of the following is the best example of the availability heuristic?

• Judging a situation by a rule that is usually, but not always, true

• Making a judgment according to past experiences that are most easily recalled

• Judging that a problem should be solved using a formula that guarantees the right answer

• Making a judgment according to what is usually true in your experience

Hannah finds that when she crams for a test the night before, she usually does well but is almost completely unable to remember the material she studied a few weeks later. What best explains why this might happen?

• The material she crams only makes it into her short-term memory

• Cramming the night before usually involves a shallow level of processing

• After a few weeks, she misremembers because memory is often constructed

• Hannah is suffering from retrograde amnesia

A friend mentions to you that she heard humans never forget anything; we remember everything that ever happens to us. What concept from memory research most directly contradicts this belief?

• Sensory Memory

• Selective Attention

• Long-Term Memory

• Constructive Memory

Amelia wants to investigate the hypothesis that the more math classes people have taken, the less likely they are to believe that after a fair coin is tossed 3 times and comes up heads each time, the next coin toss will result in tails. She asks 30 people to report how many math classes they took in high school and college and then to rate the likelihood of the fourth coin toss coming tails on a scale from 50% to 100%.

The best way for Amelia to display her findings would be with...

• A table that lists the number of classes and percent guessed by each person

• A bar graph that contrasts the percents guessed by people who took 3 or fewer math classes with those who took 4 or more math classes

• A sentence that states the mean number of math classes and the mean percentage guessed

• A scatterplot that plots the number of math classes on one axis and the percent guessed on the other

Based on the description of the previous study, Amelia seems most interested in

• Algorithms

• The sunk-cost fallacy

• the gambler's fallacy

• Representativeness Heuristics