What is the main difference between plutonic and volcanic igneous rocks?

• Plutonic rocks form in the ocean, volcanic rocks form on land

• Plutonic rocks form underground, volcanic rocks form on the surface

• Plutonic rocks are always darker than volcanic rocks

• Plutonic rocks are composed of lava, volcanic rocks are composed of magma

How does cooling speed affect crystal size in igneous rocks?

• Rapid cooling produces larger crystals

• Slow cooling produces smaller crystals

• Slow cooling produces larger crystals

• Crystal size is unaffected by cooling speed

What type of igneous rock forms from magma that cools slowly beneath Earth's surface?

• Volcanic rock

• Metamorphic rock

• Extrusive rock

• Plutonic rock

What is the primary effect of mechanical weathering on rocks?

• It breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition

• It changes the mineral composition of rocks

• It dissolves rocks completely

• It melts rocks into magma

How does chemical weathering differ from mechanical weathering?

• Chemical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces

• Chemical weathering involves physical forces like wind and water

• Chemical weathering changes the mineral composition of rocks

• Chemical weathering occurs only at the Earth's surface

What role does gravity play in erosion?

• It creates rivers and streams

• It causes mass movements like landslides

• It dissolves minerals in rocks

• It transports sediment through wind

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

How does wind contribute to the erosion process?

• It creates waves in rivers

• It dissolves rocks

• It transports small particles and causes abrasion

• It slows down erosion processes

What impact does ice have on weathering and erosion?

• Ice slows down weathering

• Ice expands in cracks, breaking rocks (frost wedging)

• Ice creates wind erosion

• Ice melts rock surfaces

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What is lithification?

• The melting of sediment

• The breakdown of rocks

• The process of turning sediment into solid rock

• The formation of metamorphic rocks

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

• By compaction of sediment

• From cooling magma

• By heat, pressure, or chemical processes altering existing rocks

• Through deposition