What is the bottleneck effect?

When selective pressures change and new traits become the most fit for an area.

When members of one population migrate to another population

When new organisms migrate to an area and start a new population

In mice brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). Scientists observed a population of 2000 mice, and found the frequency of the B allele to be 0.7. 10 years later the scientists revisited the population and found the frequency of the B allele to be 0.4. What could explain the decrease in the frequency of the B allele over the 10 years?

New selective pressures that make white fur more favorable

Gene flow that introduced new organisms into the population

A drought that made the landscape brown and dusty

A mutation that made the b allele dominant

How are biomolecular homologies used to determine phylogeny?

By comparing the similarities in DNA or amino acid sequences

By comparing the behaviors and environments of organisms

By comparing the morphological similarities in organisms

By estimating and comparing the relative ages of the organisms

What are homologous structures?

Similar shared structures that may serve different functions

Structures that are morphologically different but serve the same function

What do homologous structures tell scientists about species who share them?

That the organisms share a common ancestor

That the organisms lived during the same time period

That the organisms were exposed to the same selective pressures

That they have undergone convergent evolution

What is an ancestral trait in a cladogram?

A trait that is shared by more than one lineage

Traits that are new for a recent species

A trait that has disappeared over time

The trait that is present in only one organism

Which species on this cladogram have four walking legs?

All of the species have this trait

What are prezygotic barriers to reproduction?

Barriers that prevent the production of a fertilized egg

Any barrier that reproductively isolates species

When the offspring of two organisms are sterile

Barriers that prevent a zygote from developing into a viable offspring

What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?

Allopatric - populations are geographically separated ; Sympatric - populations live together but are reproductively isolated

Sympatric - populations are geographically separated ; Allopatric - populations live together but are reproductively isolated

How can mass extinctions lead to adaptive radiation?

By opening many niches for survivors to fill

By introducing new post-zygotic barriers

By rapidly increasing the reproduction rates to repopulate the Earth

By introducing new selective pressures on populations

What is the difference between punctuated equilibrium and gradualism?

Gradualism believes evolution occurs continuously and slowly

Punctuated equilibrium believes evolution happens in rapid bursts followed by long periods of stability

Gradualism believes evolution happens in rapid bursts as environments gradually change

Punctuated equilibrium believes evolution occurs slowly as environments recover from disasters

What evidence supports the RNA world hypothesis?

All components of RNA can be generated abiotically

RNA can store and regulate the expression of genetic information

RNA can self replicate and perform protein synthesis

How can geographic isolation lead to speciation?

By preventing the mixing of populations and exposing them to different selective pressures

These prevent species from reproducing due to different mating seasons

These make the offspring of two species sterile and/or inviable

By changing the courtship rituals of organisms so that they no longer match

What does background extinction rate mean?

The average number of extinctions observed in the fossil record during periods of stability

The total number of extinctions that have occurred in Earth's history

How many organisms are going extinct without us knowing

How many extinctions are currently happening

How is background extinction rate used to determine if a mass extinction is happening?

Comparing the background rate to the current rate

The background extinction rate is the level of extinctions that occurs during a mass extinction

Dividing background rate by historical rate

Comparing the background rate to the rate of extinctions during the most recent mass extinction

AP Biology Unit 7: Natural Selection Review

Authored by Chris Sheppard

Biology

11th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 597+ times

AP Biology Unit 7: Natural Selection Review

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30 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What factors would increase the frequency of a genotype in a population over time?

Increased reproduction rates in a population

Selective pressures that make the trait favorable

Genetic drift

Mutations in the population

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Why would the presence of a particular genotype or phenotype decrease in a population over time?

Due to increased competition

Reproductive isolation

Changes in the environment that now make the trait less favorable

Gene flow

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are selection pressures?

Conditions that prevent a population from evolving

Organisms that shape and influence the ecosystem

Random changes in allele frequencies in a population

Any changes in biotic or abiotic factors that influence survivability

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is artificial selection?

When humans selectively breed organisms together to select for traits most desirable to us

When a new species has formed

When new organisms migrate into an area and introduce new genes

When organisms are separated from other members of their population due to new geographic barriers

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the founder effect?

When survivors of a natural disaster repopulate the environment

When a small population breaks off of an existing population

Changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time

The migration of organisms between two similar populations

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How does genetic drift usually affect a population?

Usually it increases the size of a population

Usually it increases the selective pressures on a population

Usually it decreases the genetic variation of the population

Usually it introduces new genes into a population

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are the two types of genetic drift commonly seen?

Temporal isolation and hybrid sterility

Disruptive selection and convergent evolution

Founder effect and bottleneck effect

Gene flow and artificial selection

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AP Biology Unit 7: Natural Selection Review

What factors would increase the frequency of a genotype in a population over time?

Why would the presence of a particular genotype or phenotype decrease in a population over time?

What are selection pressures?

What is artificial selection?

What is the founder effect?

How does genetic drift usually affect a population?

What are the two types of genetic drift commonly seen?

According to this cladogram, which animal has the closest common ancestor to a crocodile?

Which animal is the out-group?

What is the bottleneck effect?

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