Describe the ACID properties of transactions.

ACID properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.

Atomicity, Concurrency, Isolation, Reliability

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Accessibility

Accuracy, Clarity, Integrity, Stability

What is the purpose of a rollback in transaction management?

To revert changes and maintain data integrity in case of errors.

To create a backup of the database before making changes.

To speed up the transaction process by skipping steps.

To permanently save all changes made during a transaction.

What is the difference between DDL and DML?

DDL defines database structure; DML manipulates data within that structure.

DDL is a programming language; DML is a markup language.

DDL and DML are the same and can be used interchangeably.

DDL is used for querying data; DML defines database structure.

Provide an example of a DDL statement.

CREATE TABLE users (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100), email VARCHAR(100));

DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1;

UPDATE users SET name = 'John' WHERE id = 1;

What is the purpose of the CREATE TABLE statement?

To define a new table in a database.

To delete an existing table from a database.

What are the different types of DML commands?

INSERT, UPDATE, REPLACE, SELECT

How do you update a record in SQL?

UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2 WHERE condition;

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition;

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2);

What is the purpose of the DELETE statement in SQL?

To remove rows from a table in a database.

To create a new table in the database.

To update existing rows in a table.

Explain the use of the WHERE clause in SQL queries.

The WHERE clause is used to filter records in SQL queries based on specified conditions.

The WHERE clause is used to join multiple tables in SQL queries.

The WHERE clause is used to aggregate data in SQL queries.

The WHERE clause is used to sort records in SQL queries.

What is the purpose of the ALTER TABLE statement in SQL?

To modify an existing table structure.

To create a new table in the database.

To delete a table from the database.

What is a foreign key in a database?

A foreign key is a field that uniquely identifies a record in another table.

A foreign key is a command used to delete records.

A foreign key is a type of index that speeds up data retrieval.

A foreign key is a method for aggregating data.

How can you prevent SQL injection attacks?

By using prepared statements and parameterized queries.

By disabling all database access.

By allowing all user inputs without validation.

By using only stored procedures.

What is the purpose of the SELECT statement in SQL?

To retrieve data from one or more tables.

To update existing records in a table.

To delete records from a table.

What does the GROUP BY clause do in SQL?

It groups rows that have the same values in specified columns into summary rows.

It filters records based on specified conditions.

It joins two or more tables together.

It sorts the result set in ascending order.

What is a primary key in a database?

A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a table.

A primary key is a type of index that speeds up data retrieval.

A primary key is a method for aggregating data.

A primary key is a command used to delete records.

What is the purpose of the JOIN clause in SQL?

To combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

To filter records based on specified conditions.

To sort the result set in descending order.

To create a new table in the database.

What is a stored procedure in SQL?

A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that can be stored and executed as a single unit.

A stored procedure is a command used to delete records from a table.

A stored procedure is a method for aggregating data.

A stored procedure is a type of index that speeds up data retrieval.

What is the purpose of the DISTINCT keyword in SQL?

To retrieve unique values from a column in a table.

To filter records based on specified conditions.

To sort records in ascending order.

To join multiple tables together.

What is the purpose of the UPDATE statement in SQL?

To modify existing records in a table.

To delete records from a table.

To create a new record in a table.

What is a composite key in a database?

A composite key is a key that consists of two or more columns used to uniquely identify a record.

A composite key is a single column that uniquely identifies a record.

A composite key is a type of index that speeds up data retrieval.

A composite key is a command used to delete records.

What does the HAVING clause do in SQL?

It filters records after aggregation has been performed.

It sorts the result set in descending order.

It retrieves unique values from a column in a table.

It joins two or more tables together.

What is the purpose of the ALTER TABLE statement in SQL?

To modify an existing table structure.

To create a new table in the database.

To delete a table from the database.

What is a view in SQL?

A view is a virtual table based on the result set of a SQL query.

A view is a type of index that speeds up data retrieval.

A view is a physical table that stores data.

A view is a command used to delete records.

What is the purpose of the LIMIT clause in SQL?

To restrict the number of records returned by a query.

To sort the result set in descending order.

To join multiple tables together.

To filter records based on specified conditions.

What is the purpose of the INDEX keyword in SQL?

To enhance the performance of queries by allowing faster data retrieval.

To create a backup of the database.

To define a new table in a database.

To delete records from a table.

What is the difference between a primary key and a unique key?

A primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table, while a unique key ensures all values in a column are different.

Both primary key and unique key are the same.

A primary key can be composed of multiple columns, while a unique key cannot.

A primary key can accept null values, while a unique key cannot.

What is the purpose of the UNION operator in SQL?

To combine the results of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set.

To filter records based on specified conditions.

To sort the result set in ascending order.

To create a new table in the database.

What is the purpose of the JOIN clause in SQL?

To combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

To filter records based on specified conditions.

To sort the result set in ascending order.

To create a new table in the database.

What is the function of the HAVING clause in SQL?

To filter records after aggregation has been performed.

To create a new index on a table.

To sort the result set in descending order.

To join multiple tables together.

What is the purpose of the TRUNCATE statement in SQL?

To remove all records from a table without logging individual row deletions.

To modify existing records in a table.

To delete specific records from a table based on a condition.

To create a backup of the database.

What is the purpose of the CREATE TABLE statement in SQL?

To define a new table and its structure in the database.

To modify an existing table's structure.

To delete a table from the database.

What is a stored procedure in SQL?

A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that can be stored and executed as a single unit.

A stored procedure is a type of index that speeds up data retrieval.

A stored procedure is a command used to delete records.

A stored procedure is a method for aggregating data.

What is the purpose of the DISTINCT keyword in SQL?

To retrieve unique values from a column in a table.

To join two or more tables together.

To filter records based on specified conditions.

To sort the result set in ascending order.

What is the purpose of the INDEX in SQL?

To improve the speed of data retrieval operations on a table.

To create a backup of the database.

To delete records from a table.

To define relationships between tables.

What does the COUNT function do in SQL?

It counts the number of rows in a table.

It sorts the result set in ascending order.

It filters records based on specified conditions.

It retrieves unique values from a column.

What is the purpose of the TRUNCATE statement in SQL?

To remove all records from a table without logging individual row deletions.

To update existing records in a table.

To create a new table in the database.

To delete a specific record from a table.

Mastering Database Management Systems

Authored by Mr. Gogoi

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the purpose of database normalization?

To increase data redundancy for faster access.

To enhance the visual representation of data in reports.

The purpose of database normalization is to minimize data redundancy and ensure data integrity.

To simplify database queries by merging tables.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Explain the first normal form (1NF).

First Normal Form (1NF) allows duplicate values in columns.

1NF requires that all data types in a column be the same.

First Normal Form (1NF) is only applicable to relational databases.

First Normal Form (1NF) is a property of a relation in a database that ensures all columns contain atomic values and each column has a unique name.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are the advantages of normalization?

Slower query performance

Advantages of normalization include reduced data redundancy, improved data integrity, simplified data maintenance, enhanced query performance, and increased flexibility.

Increased data duplication

Complicated data maintenance

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is an index in SQL and how does it improve query performance?

An index in SQL is a command that compiles SQL queries into machine code.

An index in SQL is used to delete records from a database.

An index in SQL is a database object that enhances query performance by allowing faster data retrieval.

An index in SQL is a type of data type that stores large amounts of data.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Explain the difference between clustered and non-clustered indexes.

Clustered indexes are faster than non-clustered indexes in all cases.

Non-clustered indexes store data rows in the same order as the index key.

Clustered indexes sort and store the data rows in the table based on the index key, while non-clustered indexes create a separate structure that references the data rows.

Clustered indexes can be created on any column without restrictions.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are the common techniques for SQL query optimization?

Common techniques for SQL query optimization include using indexes, rewriting queries, avoiding SELECT *, using appropriate JOINs, and analyzing execution plans.

Ignoring database statistics

Using only aggregate functions

Relying solely on subqueries

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is a transaction in the context of a database?

A transaction is a sequence of operations treated as a single unit of work in a database.

A transaction is a method for deleting records.

A transaction is a backup of the database.

A transaction is a type of database query.

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