A student is modeling the Solar System to understand orbital motion. Which force is primarily responsible for keeping Earth in its orbit around the Sun?

• Centrifugal force

• Magnetic force

• Gravitational force

• Frictional force

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Based on the model, which statement correctly describes the gravitational force between Planet A and Planet B?

• A. The gravitational force is stronger on Planet A than on Planet B.

• B. The gravitational force only acts from Planet A to Planet B.

• C. The gravitational force is equal in magnitude for both planets.

• D. The gravitational force is weaker on Planet A than on Planet B.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Scientists are studying Jupiter's moon Io, known for its intense volcanic activity. What are they analyzing in terms of gravitational force?

• The effect of Io's atmosphere on gravitational force

• How differences in mass and distance affect gravitational force

• The impact of solar radiation on gravitational force

• The role of magnetic fields in gravitational force

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Which TWO of the following observations provide evidence that Io has a stronger gravitational pull than Earth's moon?

• A. Io has a larger diameter than Earth's moon.

• B. Volcanic eruptions on Io can eject material to greater heights.

• C. Io's orbit around Jupiter is faster than the Moon's orbit around Earth.

• D. An astronaut would weigh more standing on Io's surface than on Earth's moon.

• E. Io has a higher surface temperature than Earth's moon.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

What does the graph indicate about the relationship between distance and gravitational force?

• Gravitational force increases linearly as distance increases.

• Gravitational force decreases as distance increases.

• Gravitational force remains constant regardless of distance.

• Gravitational force increases exponentially as distance increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

How does changing the mass of objects from Experiment 1 to Experiment 2 affect their gravitational attraction?

• The gravitational force increases with an increase in mass.

• The gravitational force decreases with an increase in mass.

• The gravitational force remains constant regardless of mass.

• The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the mass.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

A student is using a computer program to model the formation of a solar system. In the model, which TWO factors most directly influence the strength of gravitational interactions between forming planets?

• The color of the planets

• The mass of the planets

• The distance between the planets

• The temperature of the planets

• The rotation speed of the planets

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

In a computer simulation, a student observes the gravitational pull between two planets. If Planet X has three times the mass of Planet Y and the distance between them is the same, how will the gravitational force between the two planets change compared to when Planet X and Planet Y have equal mass?

• The gravitational pull will be three times stronger, as gravitational force is directly proportional to mass.

• The gravitational pull will be nine times stronger because gravitational force is proportional to the square of the mass.

• The gravitational pull will be weaker because a larger mass reduces the gravitational attraction.

• The gravitational pull will remain unchanged because mass does not affect gravitational force.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

A student is studying the orbits of planets in our Solar System. Which statement best explains why the inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) orbit the Sun faster than the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)?

• The inner planets have stronger magnetic fields.

• The outer planets are slowed down by more moons.

• The Sun's gravitational pull is stronger on the inner planets.

• The inner planets have less atmospheric resistance.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

A student is examining a physical model of a planet's gravitational field using iron filings on a flat surface with a magnet underneath. If the student replaces the original magnet with a stronger one to represent a more massive planet, how would the pattern of iron filings change?

• The iron filings would spread out more evenly.

• The iron filings would cluster more tightly around the center.

• The pattern of iron filings would remain unchanged.

• The iron filings would form a perfect circle around the magnet.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5