Tema 3: Perception

According to the theory of Moshe Bar, how are the initial top-down predictions initiated during vision?

• Through the comparison of predictions with bottom-up information and the calculation of the mismatch error.

• Through the activation of some potential possible objects that match the low- frequency components of the visual input.

• Through the detailed analysis of the visual input, which relies on high-frequency details

• Through associations,analogies and further predictions

To which attribute of the visual input do center-surround cells respond to?

• To the intensity of the light that illuminates their receptive field

• To the central dimensions of objects

• To changes in light across their receptive fields

• To the environment surrounding the objects that we perceive 0'

What does it means that the brain processes visual attributes in modules?

• That the attributes of the complex visual input are analyzed separately in different brain regions.

• It means that vision is an inferential process that is supported by modules of different sorts.

• That a common, or modular, brain region combines all the different attributes of the visual input

• None of the other options is correct

What does it mean that the construction of the visual input is organized in a hierarchical fashion in the brain?

• That neurons in higher levels in the hierarchy determine the contents of the information represented by cell in lower levels.

• That cells in lower levels converge into cells of higher levels, which integrate their input and represent progressively more complex or abstract

• That the receptive fields of the neurons become progressively smaller in higher levels of the hierarchy

• None of the other options is correct.

What is a Deep Neural Network (DNN)?

• It is a set of mathematical algorithms implemented in computers in different layers (input, output,hidden)

• It is a group of cells organized in networks in deep regions of the mammalian cerebral cortex.

• It is a set of multivariate pattern analysis algorithms applied to brain data

• None of the other options is correct.

What is allostasis?

• It refers to the perception of complex visual objects that takes places in the LOC

• It is another name given to the Default Mode Network

• Is the same as interoception, that is, the perception of our own body

• The regulation of the body's homeostasis

What is blindsight?

• A neuropsychological condition where patients lose conscious vision of part of their visual field due to damage in V1.

• A failure to consciously perceive the color of objects under natural lightning conditions

• A neuropsychological test employed to measure the visual acuity of patients with lesions in their retinal rods and cones.

• A mental condition where patients report visual hallucinations during conscious perception.

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in visual imagination?

• The representation or maintenance of visual information that appear in our conscious awareness.

• The coordination of activity in other brain regions related to the spatial and sensory contents imagined.

• It is involved in the executive control during interfering mental images .

• None of the other options is correct.

Which neuroimaging method can we use to study the function of the different layers of the cortex?

• 3T fMRI

• High-field (7T) fMRI

• DTI

• MEG

Which of the following adjectives is a better characterization of the visual information that reaches the senses?

• Simple

• Unidimensional

• Ambiguous

• Static