Exploring Early Modern Global Trade

Which of the following factors did **NOT** contribute to Europe's increasing interest in Asia during the 15th century?

• The Black Death’s devastation in the early 14th century had subsided.

• European monarchies were becoming more adept at collecting taxes and raising armies.

• Certain cities were growing into centers of international commerce.

• Venetian dominance in the Mediterranean spurred other European nations to find new trade routes.

• The Ottoman Empire’s successful siege of Constantinople inspired Western European powers to seek new markets.

What was the primary reason that the Portuguese did not succeed in dominating Indian Ocean commerce?

• The Portuguese lacked experience navigating in the Indian Ocean.

• The Portuguese lacked the financial resources to compete with Asian merchants.

• The Portuguese could not sell their own goods in Asian markets and had to rely on shipping services.

• The Portuguese faced resistance from powerful Asian states and other European powers.

• The Portuguese were unable to adapt to the cultural diversity of the Indian Ocean trading network.

Which of the following statements accurately compares the Spanish approach to colonization in the Philippines to the Portuguese trading post empire in the Indian Ocean?

• Both the Spanish and Portuguese ultimately sought to control trade, but the Spanish did so by establishing colonial rule while the Portuguese created a trading post empire.

• The Spanish primarily used force to establish their control, while the Portuguese preferred diplomacy and negotiation.

• The Spanish primarily focused on extracting silver from the Philippines, while the Portuguese sought spices from the Indian Ocean region.

• The Spanish faced little resistance in the Philippines, while the Portuguese encountered significant opposition in the Indian Ocean.

• The Spanish were primarily motivated by religious zeal, while the Portuguese sought economic gain.

How did the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan respond to the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century?

• The shogunate welcomed Europeans and encouraged trade and missionary activity.

• The shogunate adopted a policy of isolation, expelling Christian missionaries and limiting European trade to the Dutch.

• The shogunate formed alliances with European powers to counter the influence of China.

• The shogunate converted to Christianity and promoted the spread of the religion throughout Japan.

• The shogunate engaged in warfare with European powers in an attempt to drive them from Japan.

Which of the following statements **BEST** describes the impact of the silver trade on China?

• The silver trade led to economic decline and social unrest in China.

• The silver trade had minimal impact on China's economy as the Chinese government prohibited the use of foreign currency.

• The silver trade facilitated the growth of a commercialized economy in China and led to the expansion of trade networks.

• The silver trade encouraged Chinese merchants to invest in industrial development.

• The silver trade led to widespread deforestation in China as forests were cleared to make way for silver mines.

What impact did the fur trade have on Native American societies?

• It led to the enrichment and strengthening of Native American societies.

• It had minimal impact on Native American societies as they were able to maintain their traditional ways of life.

• It led to increased dependence on European trade goods and contributed to the decline of traditional crafts.

• It resulted in the mass enslavement of Native Americans who were forced to work in the fur trade.

• It fostered peaceful relations between different Native American groups as they cooperated in the fur trade.

What role did African merchants and political elites play in the transatlantic slave trade?

• They actively resisted the slave trade and sought to protect their people from enslavement.

• They played a minimal role as the slave trade was primarily controlled by Europeans.

• They played a significant role in supplying enslaved Africans to European traders.

• They were forced by Europeans to participate in the slave trade.

• They worked to abolish the slave trade and promote the emancipation of enslaved people.

Which of the following statements **BEST** describes the impact of the transatlantic slave trade on Africa?

• It resulted in significant economic growth and technological advancement.

• It led to the development of strong centralized states throughout Africa.

• It had a devastating impact on African societies, leading to widespread depopulation and economic stagnation.

• It had minimal impact as only a small percentage of Africans were enslaved.

• It facilitated cultural exchange between Africa and Europe.

Which of the following was **NOT** a social consequence of commercialization during the early modern era?

• The growing prominence of merchants in some societies.

• Increased social tensions as wealthy merchants sought to elevate their status.

• The expansion of wage labor as people sought work in urban areas.

• The decline of traditional elites as their power and wealth diminished.

• The emergence of new forms of coerced labor in various parts of the world.

What is one moral question that arises when considering the impact of early modern global trade?

• Did global trade promote peace and understanding between different cultures?

• Were the benefits of global trade distributed equally among its participants?

• Did global trade lead to environmental sustainability?

• Did global trade contribute to the advancement of human rights?

• Did global trade promote technological innovation?