Unit 2 Assessment Review

What is the term for a social position that a person earns or chooses, reflecting personal skills, abilities, and efforts?

• Ascribed status

• Achieved status

• Master status

• Role status

Which term describes a social position assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life?

• Achieved status

• Ascribed status

• Role conflict

• Social mobility

What is the term for a group whose values and norms deviate from or are at odds with those of the dominant culture?

• Subculture

• Counterculture

• Dominant culture

• Social class

What is the process by which cultural elements are borrowed from another society and incorporated into the culture of the recipient group?

• Cultural relativism

• Ethnocentrism

• Cultural diffusion

• Xenophobia

Which concept refers to the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of another culture?

• Ethnocentrism

• Cultural relativism

• Social mobility

• Role strain

What is the term for the shared beliefs, values, and practices that members of a group use to interpret and understand the world?

• Culture

• Norms

• Values

• Symbols

Which term describes the culture of the most powerful group in society, which receives the most support from major institutions and constitutes the major belief system?

• Subculture

• Dominant culture

• Counterculture

• Folkways

What is a social group consisting of two members called?

• Triad

• Dyad

• Primary group

• Secondary group

What is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture?

• Xenophobia

• Ethnocentrism

• Cultural relativism

• Social categories

Which theory suggests that social behavior is the result of an exchange process to maximize benefits and minimize costs?

• Role theory

• Exchange theory

• Conflict theory

• Functionalism