MODULE 32

The balance of centripetal and centrifugal forces helps keep states intact. What is an example of a centrifugal force?

• a healthy economy

• many groups in a state vying for power

• a flag to rally around

• a national song

What concept is useful in an analysis of uneven development at the global scale?

• Stateless nation

• Failed state

• Ethnonationalism

• Core-periphery

• Centrifugal force

Under which of the reasons for fragility listed on the table would a geographer likely place Venezuela?

• Democratic collapse

• Internal rebellion

• Religious conflict

• Corruption

• Ethnic conflicts

What is illustrated by the image?

• Uneven development at the local scale

• Equitable infrastructure development in a core state

• Neocolonialism in a peripheral state

• A centripetal force in a core state

• Uneven development at the global scale

What explains how the spatial distribution of the ethnic groups in Myanmar is a centrifugal force?

• The Burman people dominate the country’s geographic center and capital city with other ethnic groups located on territorial margins.

• The Mon and Karen peoples dominate the Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand, blocking the main body of the Burman peoples from access to their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

• The Burman people are surrounded by ethnic groups aligned with more powerful countries of India and China.

• The Karen people control the Ayeyarwady River Delta giving them an economic and political advantage over the Burman people.

• The Shan people dominate a strategic border area with China, a powerful ally, against larger Burman people.

What is the relationship between access to equitable infrastructure and the cohesion of a state?

• Equitable infrastructure is a centripetal force that refers to the development of regional iconography that is necessary for cultural unity in a multinational state.

• Equitable infrastructure is a centrifugal force that leads to the breakup of a state and democratic collapse.

• Equitable infrastructure is a centrifugal force that leads to democratic collapse in a state.

• Equitable infrastructure is a centripetal force that contributes to the cohesion of a state.

• Equitable infrastructure is a centripetal force that promotes nationalism and allegiance to the state by integrating different groups.

In what way are the Kurds in Central Asia considered a centrifugal force?

• The Kurds lead protests throughout Central Asia over economic inequality that diffuse throughout the Middle East.

• The Kurds are a stateless nation that seek independence from Iraq with a desire to form Kurdistan.

• The Kurds are a stateless nation that participated in violent demonstrations during the Arab Spring that led to Turkey declaring the Kurds a terrorist group.

• The Kurds are a failed state that has become weak because of internal religious and ethnic conflicts.

• The Kurds are a stateless nation that is experiencing uneven development in their multistate territory.

In which country would it be easier to promote cultural cohesion as a centripetal force?

• Sudan

• Yemen

• Iceland

• Myanmar

• Venezuela

What concept can be used to explain the impact of nationalism on the European Union through Brexit?

• Centrifugal force

• Democratic collapse

• Centripetal force

• Supranationalism

• Uneven development

What is a strong unifying symbol that works as a centripetal force in many countries today?

• The United Nations

• The Olympic games

• Geographic marginalization

• Presidential elections

• Royalty