ETHICS LAST PART

Which of the following best describes the nature of moral reasoning?

• Moral reasoning is based on personal preferences and emotions.

• Moral reasoning is a way to rationalize personal biases and gut feelings.

• Moral reasoning involves critically evaluating and justifying ethical decisions.

• Moral reasoning is strictly defined by law and tradition.

What is one of the key areas of study in normative ethics?

• The nature of happiness and well-being.

• What makes right actions right and what are our fundamental moral duties.

• What moral theories are true and how we can gain moral wisdom.

• The relationship between ethics and cultural traditions.

Which statement best reflects the idea that "moral responsibility assumes an ability on our part to understand options, make informed decisions, and guide our behavior"?

• Children bear the same moral responsibility as adults.

• People who lack the ability to understand their actions are less morally responsible.

• Adults and children share equal moral responsibility based on their actions.

• Morality is irrelevant when people do not make informed decisions.

Which of the following is a plausible starting point in moral thinking?

• Morality is entirely based on the law, which has the final say on what is right or wrong.

• Tradition always provides the correct moral guidelines.

• Actions that are legal or customary may sometimes be morally mistaken.

• People should only make moral decisions based on religious teachings.

According to the moral principle "do no harm," when is it morally acceptable to harm others?

• It is never morally acceptable to harm others.

• It is morally acceptable to harm others without any justification.

• It is morally acceptable to harm others only if there is a very good reason.

• It is morally acceptable to harm others as long as the harm is not intentional.

Which of the following best represents the moral principle "equals ought to be treated equally"?

• People who are alike in all relevant respects should be treated differently based on their status.

• People who are similar in all relevant respects should receive the same treatment to ensure fairness.

• All people should be treated equally, regardless of their needs or circumstances.

• Equality should only apply to people in similar social classes.

What does the principle "Might doesn’t make right" suggest?

• People in power can morally justify their actions, regardless of how wrong they are.

• Having power allows individuals to act without moral constraints.

• People in power are accountable for their actions, and their ability to escape punishment does not make their actions right.

• The actions of those in power are morally acceptable as long as they are for the greater good.

Which of the following reflects the idea that "self-interest isn’t the only ethical consideration"?

• Morality should always prioritize personal well-being over others.

• Our moral decisions should sometimes involve setting aside our own interests to benefit others.

• The ethical value of an action is determined solely by how much it benefits the individual performing it.

• Ethics is about maximizing self-interest and personal gain at all times.

What does the moral claim "justice is a very important moral good" imply?

• Justice is only relevant when it benefits the majority.

• Any moral theory that ignores justice is deeply flawed.

• Justice is less important than other moral considerations.

• Justice applies only in cases of legal disputes, not moral decisions.

According to the principle of "deliberately hurting others requires justification," what must be provided if harming someone is morally justifiable?

• There is no need for justification in cases of harm.

• A valid and powerful reason must be provided to justify causing harm.

• Harming others is always morally justifiable under certain circumstances.

• The harm must be part of a punishment for wrongdoing.