Cell Processes & Energy

What is an element?

• A substance that can be broken down into simpler substances

• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

• A mixture of different substances

• A type of molecule

Answer explanation

An element is defined as a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. This distinguishes it from compounds and mixtures, which can be separated into their constituent parts.

What is a compound?

• A single element

• A mixture of gases

• Two or more elements that are chemically combined

• A type of carbohydrate

Answer explanation

A compound is defined as two or more elements that are chemically combined. This distinguishes it from a single element or a mixture, making the correct choice the one that accurately describes the nature of compounds.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

What is a carbohydrate?

• A protein made of amino acids

• A lipid made of fatty acids

• An energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• A type of mineral

Answer explanation

A carbohydrate is defined as an energy-rich organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. This distinguishes it from proteins and lipids, which are made of amino acids and fatty acids, respectively.

What is an energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

• Protein

• Lipid

• Amino Acid

• Enzyme

Answer explanation

Lipids are energy-rich organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as a major energy source and are essential for cell structure, unlike proteins, amino acids, and enzymes, which have different functions.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Which large organic molecule is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur?

• Lipid

• Enzyme

• Protein

• Amino Acid

Answer explanation

Proteins are large organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. They play crucial roles in biological processes, unlike lipids, enzymes, and amino acids, which have different structures and functions.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

What is a small molecule that links chemically to other similar molecules to form proteins?

• Lipid

• Enzyme

• Protein

• Amino Acid

Answer explanation

Amino acids are the small molecules that chemically link together to form proteins. They are the building blocks of proteins, unlike lipids or enzymes, which serve different functions in biological systems.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What type of protein speeds up chemical reactions in a living thing?

• Lipid

• Enzyme

• Amino Acid

• Protein

Answer explanation

Enzymes are a specific type of protein that catalyze and speed up chemical reactions in living organisms, making them essential for various biological processes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

What large organic molecule contains instructions for life?

• Protein

• Lipid

• Nucleic acid

• Carbohydrate

Answer explanation

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are large organic molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They carry genetic information essential for cellular functions and life processes.

What is the genetic material passed from parent to offspring?

• RNA

• Protein

• Lipid

• DNA

Answer explanation

DNA is the genetic material that contains the instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms. It is inherited from parents to offspring, making it the correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Which nucleic acid is important for protein production?

• DNA

• RNA

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Answer explanation

RNA is crucial for protein synthesis as it acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, where proteins are assembled. DNA contains the genetic blueprint, but RNA translates that information into proteins.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1