BioChemistry Review Q2

Front

What is a functional group in organic chemistry?

Back

A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.

Front

What is a phosphate group?

Back

A phosphate group is a functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, typically represented as -PO4. It is important in energy transfer (ATP) and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the optimal pH for most human enzymes?

Back

Most human enzymes have an optimal pH around 7 to 9, depending on their specific function and location in the body.

Front

What are monosaccharides?

Back

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose.

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

What is an acid?

Back

An acid is a substance that donates protons (H+) in a solution, resulting in a pH less than 7.

Front

What is a base?

Back

A base is a substance that accepts protons or donates hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution, resulting in a pH greater than 7.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is a kinase?

Back

A kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate, playing a key role in cellular signaling.

Front

What is an isomerase?

Back

An isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a molecule into one of its isomers, changing its structure without altering its molecular formula.