To determine a student's proficiency with letter-sound correspondence, which assessment instrument would be most appropriate?

• cloze

• maze

• Dolch word list

• nonsense word list

A first-grade teacher is introducing open syllables. Which word would she use as examples?

• because

• least

• total

• stir

What is the definition of graphophonemic knowledge?

• Students know that phonemes change when word endings change.

• Students know that words are made of letters that represent sounds.

• Students know that syllables are divided at phoneme boundaries.

• Students know that reading and spelling are interconnected.

Students should be taught which of the following rules about vowel teams?

• They always make a long vowel sound.

• They make a single vowel sound.

• They always make a schwa sound.

• They always come in words with more than one syllable.

A reading teacher directs students with the following: "Say the word tray without the /t/." By which age would a typically developing child be able to respond correctly to this direction?

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 8

A reading teacher is working with a small group of first-grade students who are just entering the full alphabetic phase of word reading. Which types of words is the teacher most likely to use for guided practice?

• CCVCC

• CVC

• VCC

• CCCVC

One advantage of using connected texts as part of beginning phonics instruction

• gleaning accurate student Lexile reader measures

• encouraging students to use evaluative comprehension

• helping students identify worthwhile mentor texts

• exposing students to high frequency sight words

Students who rely solely on graphophonic cuing will most likely

• read with automaticity

• read with greater comprehension

• read more slowly

• read more frequently

A third-grade teacher wants to encourage students to be more independent and self-directed readers. A lesson on which topic would best meet this goal?

• fix up strategies

• prosody

• graphic organizers

• orthography

One advantage of phonics over whole language instruction is that students

• sound out words versus guessing

• memorize a huge bank of words

• seek out and use environmental print

• work independently instead of as a class